Klein L B, Martin Sandra L
School of Social Work, 2331University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, 2331University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2021 Oct;22(4):777-792. doi: 10.1177/1524838019881731. Epub 2019 Oct 21.
Increased attention to Title IX and the #MeToo movement has led to more interest in developing strategies to prevent forms of gender-based violence beyond acquaintance rape, including sexual harassment (SH). This study reviewed the extant literature published since 2000 on SH of college/university students ( = 24) to determine (a) study methods, (b) sample sociodemographic characteristics, (c) prevalence, (d) risk and protective factors, and (e) consequences of campus SH. These studies shared the view that overall SH rates are high, but their findings were difficult to cross-evaluate due to variations in their study designs. Generally, unwanted sexual attention and gender harassment were more commonly experienced in campus SH occurrences than sexual coercion. Findings indicated that being White, a woman, or a sexual minority increased a student's likelihood of experiencing SH while at a college/university. Student SH survivors rarely filed official reports but often faced a variety of mental and physical health consequences. Women of color experienced lower rates of SH but more severe consequences in the aftermath. This review concludes by detailing several implications for future research, as well as possible campus SH prevention, intervention, and policy protocols.
对《第九章》以及“MeToo”运动的更多关注，引发了人们对制定策略以预防熟人强奸之外的其他形式性别暴力（包括性骚扰）的更多兴趣。本研究回顾了2000年以来发表的关于大学生性骚扰情况的现有文献（n = 24），以确定：（a）研究方法；（b）样本的社会人口学特征；（c）患病率；（d）风险和保护因素；以及（e）校园性骚扰的后果。这些研究一致认为，总体性骚扰发生率很高，但由于研究设计的差异，其结果难以相互评估。一般来说，在校园性骚扰事件中，不必要的性关注和性别骚扰比性胁迫更为常见。研究结果表明，身为白人、女性或性少数群体的学生在大学期间遭受性骚扰的可能性更大。学生性骚扰幸存者很少提交正式报告，但往往面临各种身心健康后果。有色人种女性遭受性骚扰的比率较低，但事后后果更为严重。本综述最后详细阐述了对未来研究的几点启示，以及可能的校园性骚扰预防、干预和政策方案。
