Division of Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
BMC Public Health. 2022 Dec 1;22(1):2240. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-14502-0.
Sexual harassment (SH) in the workplace is prevalent and associated with poor health. Universities are large workplaces with complex formal and informal power relations, which may influence the prevalence of SH. Although employees and students share the university context, few studies on SH have included both groups. The overall aim of the study was to investigate SH among employees and students at a large Swedish public university regarding types of harassment, prevalence in different groups, characteristics of the perpetrators, and the circumstances in which it occurs.
A cross-sectional analysis was performed, based on a web-based survey with 120 items that was sent out to all staff, including PhD students (N = 8,238) and students (N = 30,244) in November 2019. The response rate was 33% for staff and 32% for students. Exposure to SH was defined as having experienced at least one of ten defined SH behaviors during their work or studies.
Among women, 24.5% of staff and 26.8% of students reported having been exposed to SH. The corresponding figures were 7.0% and 11.3% for male staff and students and 33.3% and 29.4% for non-binary individuals among staff and students. Unwelcome comments, suggestive looks or gestures, and 'inadvertent' brushing or touching were the three most common forms of reported harassment, both among staff and students. Attempted or completed rape had been experienced by 2.1% of female and 0.6% of male students. Male and female perpetrators were reported by about 80% and 15%, respectively, of exposed participants. Among staff most reported events occurred during the everyday operation of the university, while among students the majority of the events took place during social events linked to student life. When exposed to a perpetrator from the same group (staff or students), women reported more often being in a subordinate power position in relation to the perpetrator.
The results indicate that sexual harassment is common in the university context, and interventions and case management routines of events should consider power relations between victim and perpetrator, as well as the various contexts within which sexual harassment takes place.
工作场所中的性骚扰（SH）普遍存在，并与健康状况不佳有关。大学是一个拥有复杂正式和非正式权力关系的大型工作场所，这可能会影响 SH 的发生率。尽管员工和学生都在大学环境中，但很少有研究同时涉及这两个群体。本研究的总体目的是调查瑞典一所大型公立大学的员工和学生中 SH 的类型、不同群体的流行率、加害者的特征以及发生这种情况的环境。
这是一项基于网络的调查分析，调查了 2019 年 11 月向所有员工（包括博士生（n=8238）和学生（n=30244））发送的 120 个项目的网络问卷。员工的回复率为 33%，学生的回复率为 32%。SH 的暴露定义为在工作或学习期间经历过十种定义的 SH 行为中的至少一种。
在女性中，24.5%的员工和 26.8%的学生报告曾遭受 SH。男性员工和学生的相应数字分别为 7.0%和 11.3%，而员工和学生中的非二元个体分别为 33.3%和 29.4%。不受欢迎的评论、暗示性的目光或手势以及“无意”的抚摸或触碰是员工和学生报告的三种最常见的骚扰形式。女学生中有 2.1%经历过强奸未遂或强奸，男学生中有 0.6%经历过强奸未遂或强奸。约 80%的暴露参与者报告了男性和女性加害者，而 15%的暴露参与者报告了女性加害者。在员工中，大多数事件发生在大学的日常运作中，而在学生中，大多数事件发生在与学生生活相关的社交活动中。当暴露于来自同一群体（员工或学生）的加害者时，女性报告称，与加害者相比，她们处于更弱势的权力地位。
研究结果表明，性骚扰在大学环境中很常见，干预和事件管理程序应考虑受害者与加害者之间的权力关系，以及性骚扰发生的各种环境。
