Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1131:719-746. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_29.
It is generally accepted that interorganellar contacts are central to the control of cellular physiology. Virtually, any intracellular organelle can come into proximity with each other and, by establishing physical protein-mediated contacts within a selected fraction of the membrane surface, novel specific functions are acquired. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contacts with mitochondria are among the best studied and have a major role in Ca and lipid transfer, signaling, and membrane dynamics.Their functional (and structural) diversity, their dynamic nature as well as the growing number of new players involved in the tethering concurred to make their monitoring difficult especially in living cells. This review focuses on the most established examples of tethers/modulators of the ER-mitochondria interface and on the roles of these contacts in health and disease by specifically dissecting how Ca transfer occurs and how mishandling eventually leads to disease. Additional functions of the ER-mitochondria interface and an overview of the currently available methods to measure/quantify the ER-mitochondria interface will also be discussed.
人们普遍认为，细胞器之间的接触对于细胞生理学的控制至关重要。实际上，任何细胞内的细胞器都可以相互接近，并通过在膜表面的选定部分建立物理蛋白质介导的接触，获得新的特定功能。内质网（ER）与线粒体的接触是研究最多的接触之一，在 Ca 和脂质转移、信号转导和膜动力学中具有重要作用。它们的功能（和结构）多样性、动态性质以及越来越多涉及连接的新参与者的出现，使得它们的监测变得特别困难，尤其是在活细胞中。这篇综述重点介绍了 ER-线粒体界面的最成熟的连接子/调节剂的例子，并通过具体分析 Ca 转移是如何发生的以及错误处理最终如何导致疾病，讨论了这些接触在健康和疾病中的作用。还将讨论 ER-线粒体界面的其他功能以及目前用于测量/量化 ER-线粒体界面的方法概述。
