Hu C, Xia X G, Han X M, Chen Y F, Qiao Y, Liu D H, Li S L
Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fertilizer Resource Utilization in Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430064, P. R. China.
School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, P. R. China.
Helminthologia. 2018 Oct 27;55(4):322-333. doi: 10.2478/helm-2018-0025. eCollection 2018 Dec.
To study the effect of fertilization on soil nematode communities in a paddy-upland rotation system, an ongoing thirty-three years long-term fertilizer experiment is conducted which includes seven treatments; an unfertilized treatment (control), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) fertilizer treatments (N, NP, NPK) and organic manure (M) combined with chemical fertilizer treatments (MN, MNP, and MNPK). The soil nematode community structure and crop yields were determined in 2012 and 2013. Overall total nematode abundance was increased by an incremental nutrient input both in the rice and wheat fields. Total number of nematode was 1.25 - 2.37 times greater in the rice field and was 1.08 - 2.97 times greater in wheat field in the fertilization treatments than in the unfertilized treatment. Soil free-living nematode abundances was significantly ( < 0.001) increased in organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer treatments in rice field. Fungi-feeders and plant-feeding nematodes abundances were not significantly different among treatments in rice and wheat fields. Omnivorous and predatory nematodes were the most dominant groups in the present study. Omnivores, predators and were significantly ( < 0.05) higher in organic manure combined with NPK fertilizer treatments than in chemical fertilizer alone and unfertilized treatments both in rice and wheat fields. Stepwise regressions revealed that soil free-living nematodes were significant predictors of rice grain yields ( = 0.56, < 0.001) and omnivorous and predatory nematodes were significant predictors of the wheat grain yield ( = 0.89, < 0.001). Therefore, long-term application of organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer could increase nematode abundances and crop yields. Organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer application was recommended in agricultural ecosystem.
为研究施肥对水旱轮作系统土壤线虫群落的影响，开展了一项为期33年的长期肥料试验，该试验包括7种处理；不施肥处理（对照）、氮肥（N）、磷肥（P）、钾肥（K）处理（N、NP、NPK）以及有机肥（M）与化肥结合处理（MN、MNP和MNPK）。于2012年和2013年测定了土壤线虫群落结构和作物产量。在稻田和麦田中，随着养分投入的增加，线虫总丰度总体上有所增加。施肥处理的稻田中线虫总数比不施肥处理高1.25 - 2.37倍，麦田中则高1.08 - 2.97倍。稻田中有机肥与化肥结合处理显著（<0.001）增加了土壤自由生活线虫的丰度。稻田和麦田中，真菌取食线虫和植物取食线虫的丰度在各处理间无显著差异。杂食性和捕食性线虫是本研究中最主要的类群。在稻田和麦田中，杂食性、捕食性线虫以及[此处原文缺失部分内容]在有机肥与NPK化肥结合处理中显著（<0.05）高于单施化肥和不施肥处理。逐步回归分析表明，土壤自由生活线虫是水稻产量的显著预测因子（r = 0.56，<0.001），杂食性和捕食性线虫是小麦产量的显著预测因子（r = 0.89，<0.001）。因此，长期施用有机肥与化肥结合可增加线虫丰度和作物产量。建议在农业生态系统中施用有机肥与化肥结合。
