University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2020 Oct;32(4):1418-1439. doi: 10.1017/S095457941900138X.
There is an extensive literature describing the detrimental effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACE; e.g., abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction) on physical and mental health. However, few large-scale studies have explored these associations longitudinally in urban minority cohorts or assessed links to broader measures of well-being such as educational attainment, occupation, and crime. Although adversity and resilience have long been of interest in developmental psychology, protective and promotive factors have been understudied in the ACE literature. This paper investigates the psychosocial processes through which ACEs contribute to outcomes, in addition to exploring ways to promote resilience to ACEs in vulnerable populations. Follow-up data were analyzed for 87% of the original 1,539 participants in the Chicago Longitudinal Study (N = 1,341), a prospective investigation of the impact of an Early Childhood Education program and early experiences on life-course well-being. Findings suggest that ACEs impact well-being in low-socioeconomic status participants above and beyond the effects of demographic risk and poverty, and point to possible mechanisms of transmission of ACE effects. Results also identify key areas across the ecological system that may promote resilience to ACEs, and speak to the need to continue to support underserved communities in active ways.
有大量文献描述了不良童年经历（ACE；例如，虐待、忽视和家庭功能障碍）对身心健康的有害影响。然而，很少有大规模的研究从纵向角度探讨过这些关联，也很少有研究评估它们与更广泛的幸福感衡量标准（如教育程度、职业和犯罪）之间的联系。尽管逆境和适应力在发展心理学中一直备受关注，但在 ACE 文献中，保护和促进因素的研究还很不足。本文探讨了 ACE 是如何通过心理社会过程导致结果的，此外还探讨了如何在弱势群体中促进对 ACE 的适应力。对芝加哥纵向研究（N=1341）中最初的 1539 名参与者中的 87%进行了随访数据分析，该研究是对早期儿童教育计划和早期经历对生活幸福感的影响的前瞻性调查。研究结果表明，ACE 在低社会经济地位参与者中对幸福感的影响超出了人口风险和贫困的影响，并指出了 ACE 影响传递的可能机制。结果还确定了生态系统中可能促进 ACE 适应力的关键领域，并表明需要继续以积极的方式支持服务不足的社区。
