Gudbjartsson Tomas, Sigurdsson Engilbert, Gottfredsson Magnus, Bjornsson Olafur Mar, Gudmundsson Gunnar
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Department of Psychiatry.
Laeknabladid. 2019 Nov;105(11):499-507. doi: 10.17992/lbl.2019.11.257.
Upon reaching a height over 2500 m above seal level symptoms of altitude illness can develop over 1 - 5 days. The risk is mainly -determined by the altitude and rate of ascent and the symptoms vary. Most common are symptoms of acute mountain illness (AMS) but more dangerous high altitude cerebral edema (HACE) and high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) can also develop. The causes of AMS, HACE and HAPE are lack of oxygen and insufficient acclimatization, but the presenting form is determined by the responses of the body to the lack of oxygen. The most common symptoms of AMS include headache, fatique and nausea, but insomnia and nausea are also common. The most common symptoms of HAPE are breathlessness and lassitude whereas the cardinal sign of HACE is ataxia, but confusion and loss of consciousness can also develop. In this article all three main forms of altitude illness are reviewed. The emphasis is on preventive measures and treatment but new knowledge on pathogenesis is also addressed.
当海拔超过海平面2500米时，高原病症状可能在1至5天内出现。风险主要由海拔高度、上升速度决定，症状各不相同。最常见的是急性高山病（AMS）症状，但也可能发展为更危险的高原脑水肿（HACE）和高原肺水肿（HAPE）。AMS、HACE和HAPE的病因是缺氧和适应不足，但其表现形式取决于身体对缺氧的反应。AMS最常见的症状包括头痛、疲劳和恶心，但失眠和呕吐也很常见。HAPE最常见的症状是呼吸急促和倦怠，而HACE的主要体征是共济失调，但也可能出现意识模糊和意识丧失。本文对高原病的所有三种主要形式进行了综述。重点是预防措施和治疗，但也涉及了发病机制的新知识。
