Posterior-only approach with titanium mesh cages versus autogenous iliac bone graft for thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of titanium mesh cages (TMCs) with autogenous iliac bone grafts (AIBG) in posterior-only surgery for thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis. Retrospective investigative design. The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China. A total of 146 patients with thoracic or lumbar tuberculosis. All patients underwent a posterior-only approach with either a TMC (86 cases) or AIBG (60 cases). Operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), visual analogue scale (VAS), and related complications were used to compare the effectiveness and feasibility of the two techniques. Frankel grading system, Cobb angle, and loss of angular correction were employed to assess neurological and kyphotic improvements. There were significant improvements in ESR, CRP, VAS, Frankel grade, and Cobb angle at the last follow-up (P < 0.05) when compared with the preoperative state. The TMC group was superior in operation duration (P < 0.001), intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.007), VAS (P < 0.001), loss of angular correction (P < 0.001), and surgical complications as compared with the AIBG group. There were no significant differences in the improvement of the Frankel grade and Cobb angle between the TMC and AIBG groups (P > 0.05). A recurrence of tuberculosis was not found in either of the groups. Compared to autogenous iliac bone grafts, titanium mesh cages could serve as a superior material in posterior-only operative therapy for thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis.