Department of Geological Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
Department of Geological Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
J Contam Hydrol. 2020 Jan;228:103557. doi: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2019.103557. Epub 2019 Oct 17.
Vulnerability maps were generated for Altınova Region within the Antalya Travertine Plateau based on DRASTIC, SINTACS, EPIK, COP and PI methods. Majority of the study area is covered by productive karstic aquifer, which is composed of travertine. Travertine includes typical karstic features such as dolines, springs and caves where groundwater of travertine aquifer is the sole source for irrigation. Areal extends of low, medium, high and very high vulnerability classes and their areal extends were determined for all methods and compared with each other. High and very high vulnerable areas covered >74% of the study area as investigated by all methods, except PI. Although PI is a specific method for karstic aquifers, this method could not generate a reasonable vulnerability map based on the assigned parameter definitions and scores. Only areal extents were not sufficient to decide about the proper vulnerability method for the study area. Therefore, NO concentration based validation method was performed for all generated vulnerability maps. Consequently, the areas which had NO concentrations higher than 30 mg/L were matched with high-very high vulnerable areas. According to this validation method, application of SINTACS with "karstic aquifer" weights could validate 95% of the area with NO concentrations higher than the selected threshold level of 30 mg/L for Altınova region. This study showed that simulation performance of vulnerability methods was highly related to the defined parameter definitions, score ranges and weights of each method. Similar parameters with variable score ranges could create considerably distinct vulnerability maps. Validation is the essential interpretation step for taking decision on the proper vulnerability method. Additionally, site-specific contaminant observations are critical for validation of vulnerability maps. Validated vulnerability maps could be used as a valuable water resources management tool.
基于 DRASTIC、SINTACS、EPIK、COP 和 PI 方法，为安塔利亚石灰华高原的阿尔廷诺瓦地区生成了脆弱性图。研究区大部分地区被生产性喀斯特含水层覆盖，该含水层由石灰华组成。石灰华包括典型的喀斯特特征，如洼地、泉水和洞穴，其中石灰华含水层的地下水是灌溉的唯一来源。所有方法都确定了低、中、高和极高脆弱性等级的面积范围，并相互比较。除 PI 外，所有方法调查的高和极高脆弱性区域覆盖了研究区的>74%。尽管 PI 是一种针对喀斯特含水层的特定方法，但该方法根据分配的参数定义和分数无法生成合理的脆弱性图。仅面积范围不足以确定研究区适当的脆弱性方法。因此，未对所有生成的脆弱性图进行基于 NO 浓度的验证方法。因此，将 NO 浓度高于 30mg/L 的区域与高-极高脆弱性区域匹配。根据这种验证方法，应用 SINTACS 并使用“喀斯特含水层”权重可以验证阿尔廷诺瓦地区高于所选 30mg/L 阈值水平的 NO 浓度的区域的 95%。这项研究表明，脆弱性方法的模拟性能与定义的参数定义、每个方法的分数范围和权重高度相关。具有可变分数范围的相似参数可以创建截然不同的脆弱性图。验证是对适当脆弱性方法做出决策的必要解释步骤。此外，特定地点的污染物观测对于脆弱性图的验证至关重要。验证后的脆弱性图可用作有价值的水资源管理工具。
