Department of Hydrogeology, Ab Ati Pazhooh Consulting Engineers Company, Shiraz, IR, Iran.
Department of Geology, School of Earth, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, IR, Iran.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Jul;25(19):18960-18979. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-1911-8. Epub 2018 May 2.
Access to safe and reliable drinking water is amongst the important indicators of development in each society, and water scarcity is one of the challenges and limitations affecting development at national and regional levels and social life and economic activity areas. Generally, there are two types of drinking water sources: the first type is surface waters, including lakes, rivers, and streams and the second type is groundwaters existing in aquifers. Amongst aquifers, karst aquifers play an important role in supplying water sources of the world. Therefore, protecting these aquifers from pollution sources is of paramount importance. COP method is amongst the methods to investigate the intrinsic vulnerability of this type of aquifers, so that areas susceptible to contamination can be determined before being contaminated and these sources can be protected. In the present study, COP method was employed in order to spot the regions that are prone to contamination in the region. This method uses the properties of overlying geological layers above the water table (O factor), the concentration of flow (C factor), and precipitation (P factor) over the aquifer, as the parameters to assess the intrinsic vulnerability of groundwater resources. In this regard, geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) were utilized to prepare the mentioned factors and the intrinsic vulnerability map was obtained. The results of COP method indicated that the northwest and the west of the region are highly and very vulnerable. This study indicated that regions with low vulnerability were observed in eastern areas, which accounted for 15.6% of the area. Moderate vulnerability was 40% and related to the northeast and southeast of the area. High vulnerability was 38.2% and related to western and southwestern regions. Very high vulnerability was 6.2% and related to the northwest of the area. By means of the analysis of sensitivity of the model, it was determined that the focus factor of the flow has the greatest impact on the creation of vulnerability in the region. Also, these results were validated through electrical conductivity and discharge time series of the regional springs that are located in the vulnerable zones.
获得安全可靠的饮用水是每个社会发展的重要指标之一，而水资源短缺是影响国家和地区发展以及社会生活和经济活动领域的挑战和限制因素之一。一般来说，饮用水源有两种类型：第一种是地表水，包括湖泊、河流和溪流，第二种是存在于含水层中的地下水。在含水层中，岩溶含水层在世界水源供应中起着重要作用。因此，保护这些含水层免受污染源的污染至关重要。COP 方法是调查这种类型含水层固有脆弱性的方法之一，以便在受到污染之前确定易受污染的区域，并保护这些水源。在本研究中，COP 方法被用于发现该地区易受污染的区域。该方法利用地下水位以上覆盖地质层的特性（O 因子）、含水层上方的水流（C 因子）和降水（P 因子）浓度，作为评估地下水固有脆弱性的参数。在这方面，利用地理信息系统（GIS）和遥感（RS）来准备上述因素，并获得了固有脆弱性图。COP 方法的结果表明，该地区的西北部和西部高度脆弱和非常脆弱。本研究表明，在东部地区观察到脆弱性较低的区域，占该地区的 15.6%。脆弱性中等的占 40%，与该地区的东北部和东南部有关。脆弱性高的占 38.2%，与西部地区和西南部有关。非常脆弱的占 6.2%，与该地区的西北部有关。通过对模型敏感性的分析，确定了流量的焦点因素对该地区脆弱性的形成有最大的影响。此外，通过位于脆弱带的区域泉水的电导率和放电时间序列对这些结果进行了验证。
