Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System, Beijing, 100193, China.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Jan;256:113415. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113415. Epub 2019 Oct 17.
Biofumigation is an effective, non-chemical method to control soil-borne pests and diseases and to maximize crop yield. We studied the responses of soil bacterial and fungal communities, the soil's nutritional state and strawberry yield, when the soil was biofumigated each year for five consecutive years using fresh chicken manure (BioFum). BioFum significantly increased the soil's NH-N, NO-N, available P and K and organic matter. Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp. which are known to cause plant disease, were significantly decreased after BioFum. In addition, Biofum increased the soil's temperature, enhanced chlorophyll levels in the leaves of strawberry plants, and the soluble sugar and ascorbic acid content in strawberry fruit. We used high-throughput gene sequencing to monitor changes in the soil's bacterial and fungal communities. Although BioFum significantly decreased the diversity of these communities, it increased the relative abundance of some biological control agents in the phylum Actinobacteria and the genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Chaetomium. An increase in these biological control agents would reduce the incidence of soil-borne pathogens and plant disease. Although strawberry marketable yield using BioFum was higher in the first three years, the decline in the final two years could be due to the accumulation of P and K which may have delayed flowering and fruiting. Methods to overcome yield losses using BioFum need to be developed in the future. Our research, however, showed that BioFum enhanced soil fertility, reduced the presence of soil pathogens, increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and fungi and improved strawberry quality. Unlike chemical soil treatments that can cause pest and disease resistance when used continuously over many years, our multi-year research program on BioFum showed that this treatment provided significant benefits to the soil, plant and strawberry fruit.
生物熏蒸是一种有效且非化学的方法，可用于防治土壤传播的病虫害，并实现作物产量的最大化。我们研究了连续五年每年使用新鲜鸡粪（BioFum）进行生物熏蒸时土壤细菌和真菌群落、土壤营养状况和草莓产量的响应。BioFum 显著增加了土壤中的 NH-N、NO-N、有效磷和钾以及有机质。已知会引起植物病害的镰刀菌属和疫霉属在 BioFum 后显著减少。此外，生物熏蒸提高了土壤温度，增强了草莓植株叶片的叶绿素水平，以及草莓果实中的可溶性糖和抗坏血酸含量。我们使用高通量基因测序来监测土壤细菌和真菌群落的变化。尽管 BioFum 显著降低了这些群落的多样性，但它增加了放线菌门和假单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属和毛壳菌属等一些生物防治剂的相对丰度。这些生物防治剂的增加将降低土壤病原菌和植物病害的发生率。虽然使用 BioFum 的草莓市场产量在前三年较高，但在最后两年下降可能是由于 P 和 K 的积累，这可能会延迟开花和结果。未来需要开发使用 BioFum 克服产量损失的方法。然而，我们的研究表明，BioFum 增强了土壤肥力，减少了土壤病原体的存在，增加了有益细菌和真菌的相对丰度，并提高了草莓的品质。与多年连续使用会导致病虫害产生抗药性的化学土壤处理方法不同，我们对 BioFum 的多年研究计划表明，这种处理方法为土壤、植物和草莓果实带来了显著的益处。
