Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA.
Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA.
Science. 2019 Nov 1;366(6465):631-637. doi: 10.1126/science.aav7793.
Every daughter cell inherits two things from its mother: genetic information and a spatially organized complement of macromolecular complexes and organelles. The extent to which de novo self-organization, as opposed to inheritance of an already organized state, can suffice to yield functional cells is uncertain. We used egg extracts to show that homogenized interphase egg cytoplasm self-organizes over the course of ~30 minutes into compartments 300 to 400 micrometers in length that resemble cells. Formation of these cell-like compartments required adenosine triphosphate and microtubule polymerization but did not require added demembranated sperm nuclei with their accompanying centrosomes or actin polymerization. In cycling extracts with added sperm, the compartments underwent multiple cycles of division and reorganization, with mother compartments giving rise to two daughters at the end of each mitotic cycle. These results indicate that the cytoplasm can generate much of the spatial organization and cell cycle function of the early embryo.
遗传信息和空间组织的大分子复合物和细胞器。新的自组织，而不是已经组织好的状态的遗传，在多大程度上足以产生功能细胞是不确定的。我们使用卵提取物表明，匀浆的间期中细胞质在大约 30 分钟的时间内自组织成 300 到 400 微米长的类似于细胞的隔室。这些类似于细胞的隔室的形成需要三磷酸腺苷和微管聚合，但不需要添加带有中心体的去膜精子核或肌动蛋白聚合。在添加精子的循环提取物中，隔室经历了多次分裂和重组，母隔室在每个有丝分裂周期结束时产生两个子隔室。这些结果表明，细胞质可以产生早期胚胎的大部分空间组织和细胞周期功能。
