Oncology Department, Masovian Specialist Hospital, Radom, Poland.
Department of Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Clin Colorectal Cancer. 2020 Mar;19(1):5-12. doi: 10.1016/j.clcc.2019.07.006. Epub 2019 Jul 15.
Microbiome (microbiota) is a community of all microorganisms inhabiting a specific site of the body, including pathogens, which distinguishes it from the physiological microflora. Intestinal dysbiosis plays a key role in the development of colorectal cancer. In the process of carcinogenesis, inflammation, immune response, and toxic metabolites play a significant role. Specific species of bacteria might affect the risk of colorectal cancer and growth of tumor already present. Assessment of changes in the intestinal microbiome during the development and progression of colorectal cancer might create a simple diagnostic tool, a useful biomarker, or might influence treatment strategies in colorectal cancer patients. Analysis of the gut microbiome provides the potential to develop noninvasive diagnostic tests that would be useful as new protective markers of colorectal cancer, prognostic markers in already present colorectal cancer, and predictive markers of response to treatment, especially immunotherapy.
微生物组（微生物群）是指栖息在人体特定部位的所有微生物群落，包括病原体，这使其与生理微生物群区分开来。肠道菌群失调在结直肠癌的发展中起着关键作用。在致癌过程中，炎症、免疫反应和有毒代谢物起着重要作用。特定种类的细菌可能会影响结直肠癌的风险和已经存在的肿瘤的生长。评估结直肠癌发展和进展过程中肠道微生物组的变化可能会产生一种简单的诊断工具、有用的生物标志物，或者可能会影响结直肠癌患者的治疗策略。对肠道微生物组的分析提供了开发非侵入性诊断测试的潜力，这些测试可能作为结直肠癌的新保护标志物、已经存在的结直肠癌的预后标志物以及治疗反应（尤其是免疫治疗）的预测标志物有用。
