Allergy Asthma Proc. 2019 Nov 1;40(6):470-473. doi: 10.2500/aap.2019.40.4274.
As the primary defense against pathogens, the immune system uses numerous strategies to ensure optimal protection for the host. When immune responses go awry, however, they can cause great damage. "Hypersensitivity" is a broad term used to describe an excessive and/or pathogenic immune response to either foreign or self antigens. Gell and Coombs were the first to categorize hypersensitivity reactions into 4 types according to pathophysiology, but more recent insights into the mechanisms of these disorders have since modified the original classification system. This review describes the immune mechanisms involved in each of the modern Gell-Coombs categories.
作为抵御病原体的主要防线，免疫系统利用多种策略来确保宿主得到最佳保护。然而，当免疫反应出现异常时，它们可能会造成巨大的损害。“超敏反应”是一个广义术语，用于描述对来自外部或自身的抗原的过度和/或病理性免疫反应。Gell 和 Coombs 是最早根据病理生理学将超敏反应分为 4 类的人，但后来对这些疾病机制的进一步了解已经修改了最初的分类系统。本综述描述了现代 Gell-Coomb 分类中每一类所涉及的免疫机制。
