Department of Biological Sciences, The RNA Institute, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, New York.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA. 2020 May;11(3):e1576. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1576. Epub 2019 Nov 6.
Epitranscriptomics, the study of posttranscriptional chemical moieties placed on RNA, has blossomed in recent years. This is due in part to the emergence of high-throughput detection methods as well as the burst of discoveries showing biological function of select chemical marks. RNA modifications have been shown to affect RNA structure, localization, and functions such as alternative splicing, stabilizing transcripts, nuclear export, cap-dependent and cap-independent translation, microRNA biogenesis and binding, RNA degradation, and immune regulation. As such, the deposition of chemical marks on RNA has the unique capability to spatially and temporally regulate gene expression. The goal of this article is to present the exciting convergence of the epitranscriptomic and virology fields, specifically the deposition and biological impact of N7-methylguanosine, ribose 2'-O-methylation, pseudouridine, inosine, N6-methyladenosine, and 5-methylcytosine epitranscriptomic marks on gene expression of RNA viruses. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
近年来，RNA 转录后化学修饰的研究——表观转录组学蓬勃发展。这部分归因于高通量检测方法的出现，以及选择性化学标记物具有生物学功能的发现大量涌现。研究表明，RNA 修饰会影响 RNA 结构、定位和功能，如可变剪接、稳定转录本、核输出、依赖帽和非依赖帽翻译、miRNA 生成和结合、RNA 降解和免疫调节。因此，RNA 上化学标记的沉积具有时空调节基因表达的独特能力。本文的目的是介绍表观转录组学和病毒学领域令人兴奋的融合，特别是 N7-甲基鸟苷、核糖 2′-O-甲基化、假尿嘧啶、肌苷、N6-甲基腺苷和 5-甲基胞嘧啶表观转录组标记在 RNA 病毒基因表达中的沉积和生物学影响。本文属于以下分类：RNA 在疾病与发展 > RNA 在疾病中 RNA 与蛋白质和其他分子的相互作用 > 蛋白-RNA 相互作用：功能意义。
