Gangemi Amelia, Tenore Katia, Mancini Francesco
Dipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva, Rome, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2019 Oct 22;10:2335. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02335. eCollection 2019.
Hyper-emotion theory states that psychological disorders are conditions in which individuals experience emotions that are appropriate to the situation but inappropriate in their intensity. When these individuals experience such an emotion, they are inevitably compelled to reason about its cause. They therefore develop characteristic strategies of reasoning depending on the particular hyper-emotion they experience. In anxiety disorders (e.g., panic attack, social phobia), the perception of a disorder-related threat leads to hyper-anxiety; here, individuals' reasoning is corroboratory, adducing evidence that confirms the risk (). In obsessive-compulsive disorders, the threat of having acted in an irresponsible way leads to both hyper-anxiety and guilt; here, individuals' reasoning is refutatory, adducing only evidence disconfirming the risk of being guilty (). We report three empirical studies corroborating these hypotheses. They demonstrate that patients themselves recognize the two strategies and spontaneously use them in therapeutic sessions and in evaluating scenarios in an experiment.
过度情绪理论认为，心理障碍是个体经历的情绪与情境相适应但强度不适当的情况。当这些个体经历这种情绪时，他们不可避免地会被迫思考其原因。因此，他们会根据所经历的特定过度情绪发展出特征性的推理策略。在焦虑症（如惊恐发作、社交恐惧症）中，对与障碍相关威胁的感知会导致过度焦虑；在这里，个体的推理是确证性的，会列举证实风险的证据（）。在强迫症中，以不负责任的方式行事的威胁会导致过度焦虑和内疚；在这里，个体的推理是否证性的，只列举反驳有罪风险的证据（）。我们报告了三项实证研究来证实这些假设。这些研究表明，患者自己认识到这两种策略，并在治疗过程中以及在实验中评估情景时自发地使用它们。
