Arnal Pierre, Coeur d'acier Armelle, Favret Colin, Godefroid Martin, Qiao Ge-Xia, Jousselin Emmanuelle, Sanchez Meseguer Andrea
CBGP INRA CIRAD IRD Montpellier SupAgro Univ Montpellier Montpellier France.
Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle CNRS EPHE Sorbonne Université Paris France.
Ecol Evol. 2019 Oct 2;9(20):11657-11671. doi: 10.1002/ece3.5652. eCollection 2019 Oct.
Climate adaptation has major consequences in the evolution and ecology of all living organisms. Though phytophagous insects are an important component of Earth's biodiversity, there are few studies investigating the evolution of their climatic preferences. This lack of research is probably because their evolutionary ecology is thought to be primarily driven by their interactions with their host plants. Here, we use a robust phylogenetic framework and species-level distribution data for the conifer-feeding aphid genus to investigate the role of climatic adaptation in the diversity and distribution patterns of these host-specialized insects. Insect climate niches were reconstructed at a macroevolutionary scale, highlighting that climate niche tolerance is evolutionarily labile, with closely related species exhibiting strong climatic disparities. This result may suggest repeated climate niche differentiation during the evolutionary diversification of . Alternatively, it may merely reflect the use of host plants that occur in disparate climatic zones, and thus, in reality the aphid species' fundamental climate niches may actually be similar but broad. Comparisons of the aphids' current climate niches with those of their hosts show that most species occupy the full range of the climatic tolerance exhibited by their set of host plants, corroborating the hypothesis that the observed disparity in species' climate niches can simply mirror that of their hosts. However, 29% of the studied species only occupy a subset of their hosts' climatic zone, suggesting that some aphid species do indeed have their own climatic limitations. Our results suggest that in host-specialized phytophagous insects, host associations cannot always adequately describe insect niches and abiotic factors must be taken into account.
气候适应对所有生物的进化和生态都有重大影响。尽管植食性昆虫是地球生物多样性的重要组成部分，但很少有研究调查它们气候偏好的进化。缺乏此类研究可能是因为人们认为它们的进化生态学主要由其与寄主植物的相互作用驱动。在此，我们使用一个强大的系统发育框架和针叶树食蚜属的物种水平分布数据，来研究气候适应在这些寄主专一性昆虫的多样性和分布模式中的作用。在宏观进化尺度上重建了昆虫的气候生态位，突出表明气候生态位耐受性在进化上是不稳定的，亲缘关系相近的物种表现出强烈的气候差异。这一结果可能表明在该属的进化多样化过程中反复出现了气候生态位分化。或者，这可能仅仅反映了对生长在不同气候区的寄主植物的利用，因此，实际上蚜虫物种的基本气候生态位可能实际上相似但范围广泛。将蚜虫当前的气候生态位与其寄主的气候生态位进行比较表明，大多数该属物种占据了其寄主植物所表现出的全部气候耐受性范围，证实了这样一种假设，即观察到的该属物种气候生态位的差异可以简单地反映其寄主的差异。然而，29%的研究物种仅占据其寄主气候区的一个子集，这表明一些蚜虫物种确实有其自身的气候限制。我们的结果表明，在寄主专一性的植食性昆虫中，寄主关联不能总是充分描述昆虫的生态位，必须考虑非生物因素。
