Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Avery Information Services, Orillia, Ontario, Canada.
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2020 May;62(5):593-599. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14387. Epub 2019 Nov 7.
To examine self- and proxy-reported symptoms of depression in children with epilepsy.
This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study of children with epilepsy. Participants were treated at six Canadian tertiary-care centers and followed over 28 months with repeated assessments of child self-reported symptoms of depression using the Children's Depression Inventory Short-Form (CDI-S). Trajectories of symptoms of depression were estimated using linear mixed effects (LME) modeling.
At baseline, 477 children had complete data (mean age [SD] 11y 5mo [2y 1mo], range 7y 7mo-15y 1mo; 234 females, 243 males). Mean CDI-S T score at baseline was 45.7 (SD=7.5) and at 28 months was 44.9 (SD=8.2), both were within the 'average' range. Results from LME modeling revealed mean raw CDI-S score of 1.897, corrected for age 10 years (corresponding to T scores slightly below the normed mean of 50), with no significant change over three measurements (slope=-0.113, p=0.135), indicating that CDI-S scores were stable over 28 months. Children with high initial CDI-S scores had lower subsequent scores, as demonstrated by the correlation of -0.827 between intercept and slope (p<0.001). Parents reported comparable findings.
Self- and proxy-reported symptoms of depression were generally low and stable over an extended follow-up period. Normalization of scores was seen upon repeated assessment, even in children with higher scores of symptoms of depression at one point. These findings speak to the value and importance of repeated assessment over time.
In children with epilepsy, self- and proxy-reported symptoms of depression were generally low and stable over 28 months. The trajectory of symptoms of depression was not associated with seizure severity, whether considering the frequency or type of seizures. Parents' reports of symptoms of depression were comparable to the children's self-evaluations.
研究癫痫患儿的自我报告和代理报告的抑郁症状。
这是一项对癫痫患儿进行的前瞻性纵向队列研究。参与者在加拿大六家三级护理中心接受治疗，并在 28 个月的时间内通过儿童抑郁量表短式（CDI-S）反复评估儿童自我报告的抑郁症状。使用线性混合效应（LME）模型来估计抑郁症状的轨迹。
在基线时，477 名儿童有完整的数据（平均年龄[标准差]为 11 岁 5 个月[2 岁 1 个月]，范围为 7 岁 7 个月至 15 岁 1 个月；234 名女性，243 名男性）。基线时 CDI-S T 评分均值为 45.7（标准差=7.5），28 个月时为 44.9（标准差=8.2），均处于“平均”范围内。LME 模型的结果显示，未经年龄校正的 CDI-S 评分均值为 1.897，相当于年龄校正为 10 岁时的 T 分数略低于 50 的均数（corresponding to T scores slightly below the normed mean of 50），三次测量之间没有显著变化（斜率=-0.113，p=0.135），表明 CDI-S 评分在 28 个月内是稳定的。初始 CDI-S 评分较高的儿童，随后的评分较低，这一点可以从截距和斜率之间的相关性-0.827（p<0.001）中看出。父母报告的结果相似。
在扩展的随访期间，自我报告和代理报告的抑郁症状通常较低且稳定。即使在某个时间点上症状的抑郁评分较高的儿童，经过重复评估后评分也会趋于正常。这些发现表明了随着时间的推移重复评估的价值和重要性。
在癫痫患儿中，自我报告和代理报告的抑郁症状在 28 个月内通常较低且稳定。抑郁症状的轨迹与癫痫发作的严重程度无关，无论是考虑发作频率还是发作类型。父母对抑郁症状的报告与儿童的自我评估相似。
