Yang Chenchen, Moore Ami, Mpofu Elias, Dorstyn Diana, Li Qiwei, Yin Cheng
Department of Rehabilitation and Health Services, University of North Texas, Denton.
Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia.
Gerontologist. 2020 Nov 23;60(8):633-642. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnz149.
Cognitive training delivered in conjunction with physical activity, may help to optimize aging and delay or prevent dementia in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, their efficacy is less well studied compared to pharmaceutical treatments. This systematic review synthesizes the emerging evidence on combined cognitive-physical interventions for enhancing functioning in older adults with MCI, with implications for practice and research.
We searched the PubMed, PsycINFO, Ageline, Medline, Web of Science and ProQuest databases, and hand-searched articles published between July 2013 and November 2018. Only randomized controlled trials which incorporated cognitive and physical components targeted to individuals with MCI over the age of 50 were eligible. Our search yielded 10 eligible, independent articles.
Intervention participants with MCI self-reported, or demonstrated, improved functioning across a range of cognitive (global cognitive function, executive function, processing speed, memory, attention, mood, emotion, motivation, brain cortex, orientation), and physical (gait, balance, mobility) outcomes. Interventions which combined cognitive-physical training were comparable to those which isolated these same elements, in terms of their effects on executive function, processing speed, attention, mood, and cardiorespiratory fitness.
There is preliminary evidence to support the positive effects of multicomponent interventions to improve cognitive-motor abilities in older adults at risk of developing dementia. The strength of this research evidence is, however, limited. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether these effects are maintained over time. The optimal intervention intensity and length also need to be established.
结合体育活动进行认知训练，可能有助于优化衰老过程，并延缓或预防轻度认知障碍（MCI）个体的痴呆症。然而，与药物治疗相比，其疗效的研究较少。本系统评价综合了关于认知 - 身体联合干预对改善MCI老年人功能的新证据，并对实践和研究具有启示意义。
我们检索了PubMed、PsycINFO、Ageline、Medline、Web of Science和ProQuest数据库，并手工检索了2013年7月至2018年11月发表的文章。只有纳入针对50岁以上MCI个体的认知和身体组成部分的随机对照试验才符合条件。我们的检索产生了10篇符合条件的独立文章。
MCI干预参与者自我报告或证明在一系列认知（整体认知功能、执行功能、处理速度、记忆、注意力、情绪、情感、动机、大脑皮层、定向）和身体（步态、平衡、活动能力）结果方面功能有所改善。就对执行功能、处理速度、注意力、情绪和心肺适能的影响而言，认知 - 身体训练相结合的干预措施与单独进行这些相同元素训练的干预措施相当。
有初步证据支持多成分干预对改善有患痴呆症风险的老年人认知 - 运动能力的积极作用。然而，这一研究证据的力度有限。需要进行纵向研究以确定这些效果是否能随时间维持。还需要确定最佳的干预强度和时长。
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