Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019 Dec;103(23-24):9277-9285. doi: 10.1007/s00253-019-10165-x. Epub 2019 Nov 7.
Current advances on gut microbiota have broadened our view on host-microbiota interactions. As a microbiota-targeted approach, the use of antibiotics has been widely adopted to explore the role of gut microbiota in vivo. Antibiotics can change the microbial composition, resulting in varied effects, depending on the antibiotic class, dosage, and duration. Antibiotic intervention in early life leads to life-long phenotype alterations, including obesity. Antibiotic-induced changes in gut microbiota affect the epithelial utilization of both macronutrients (e.g., amino acids) and micronutrients (e.g., copper, vitamin E) and the redox homeostasis. Of particular interest is the regulation of gut anaerobiosis and aerobiosis by oxygen availability, which is closely related to epithelial metabolism. Additionally, antibiotic interventions enable to identify novel roles of gut microbiota in gut-liver axis and gut-brain axis. Indigenous antimicrobial molecules are produced by certain microbes, and they have the potential to affect function through eliciting changes in the gut microbiota. This review discusses at length these findings to gain a better and novel insight into microbiota-host interactions and the mechanisms involved.
目前，肠道微生物组的研究进展拓宽了我们对宿主-微生物相互作用的认识。作为一种针对微生物组的方法，抗生素的使用已被广泛采用，以探索肠道微生物组在体内的作用。抗生素可以改变微生物的组成，从而产生不同的效果，具体取决于抗生素的种类、剂量和持续时间。生命早期的抗生素干预会导致终身表型改变，包括肥胖。肠道微生物组的抗生素诱导变化会影响上皮细胞对宏量营养素（如氨基酸）和微量营养素（如铜、维生素 E）的利用以及氧化还原平衡。特别值得关注的是，氧可用性对肠道厌氧和好氧的调节，这与上皮代谢密切相关。此外，抗生素干预使我们能够确定肠道微生物群在肠道-肝脏轴和肠道-大脑轴中的新作用。某些微生物会产生内源性抗菌分子，它们有可能通过引起肠道微生物组的变化来影响功能。本综述详细讨论了这些发现，以更好地了解微生物组-宿主相互作用及其涉及的机制。
