Donation of Human Biological Materials in the European Union: Commodifying Solidarity in the Era of the Biotechnological Revolution?

The use of human biological materials (HBMs) involves a number of issues from both an ethical and a legal point of view. In recent decades, the purposes for which this material has been used have increased. The development of therapeutic products has led to the configuration of a market in which products have acquired an economic value. As soon as the private sector crosses the threshold of access to the use of human cells and tissues, a conflict may arise between the altruistic principles motivating the act of donation and the profit-making objectives . When donated material emerges from the public management setting and becomes a source of profit, the instrument of informed consent may not adequately protect the dignity of the donors. In the era of medical biotechnology revolution, any use of the donated material must be justified and consistent with the values motivating the act of donation.