The George Washington University School of Nursing, Washington, District of Columbia.
The George Washington University School of Nursing, Ashburn, Virginia.
J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2019 Nov 5;33(2):126-132. doi: 10.1097/JXX.0000000000000341.
Nurse practitioner (NP) residency/fellowship programs are an emerging industry across the country.
This study aimed to conduct an in-depth exploration about postgraduate NP residency/fellowship programs in the United States and to gain an understanding of program characteristics, educational content, and implementation methods to assist NPs to transition to practice.
This exploratory study used a quantitative design to conduct an online survey of program directors of NP residency/fellowship programs to collect data about program characteristics to assist graduates to transition to practice. Descriptive statistics were calculated for continuous variables, whereas frequency and percentage were calculated for categorical variables.
Nurse practitioner residency/fellowship programs lack consistency in standards for educational content and delivery methods. Only 26% of the programs were accredited, and the programs were not consistently based on nationally recognized competencies. Ninety percent of the programs relied on didactic and clinical supervision delivery methods. More than 90% of the residents/fellows cared for adults older than 65 years of age and managed chronic diseases. Family Nurse Practitioner was the most commonly cited population track offered (73%). Nurse practitioner residency/fellowship programs are sparsely offered in the most rural states with underserved populations.
This study provides data and insight into the emerging industry of postgraduate NP residency/training programs for educators and employers. In addition, it informs regulators and decision makers about the quality and consistency of programs and the impact of programs on the care delivered by new graduate NPs.
护士从业者（NP）住院医师/研究员计划在全国范围内是一个新兴产业。
本研究旨在深入探讨美国的研究生 NP 住院医师/研究员计划，并了解计划的特点、教育内容和实施方法，以帮助 NP 过渡到实践。
本探索性研究采用定量设计，对 NP 住院医师/研究员计划的主任进行在线调查，收集有关计划特点的数据，以帮助毕业生过渡到实践。对连续变量进行描述性统计，对分类变量进行频率和百分比计算。
护士从业者住院医师/研究员计划在教育内容和教学方法方面缺乏一致性标准。只有 26%的计划获得了认证，而且这些计划并不完全基于全国公认的能力。90%的计划依赖于理论和临床监督教学方法。超过 90%的住院医师/研究员照顾 65 岁以上的成年人并管理慢性病。家庭护士从业者是最常提到的服务人群（73%）。在人口服务不足的最农村州，住院医师/研究员计划的提供非常有限。
本研究为教育者和雇主提供了有关研究生 NP 住院医师/培训计划这一新兴产业的数据和见解。此外，它还向监管机构和决策者通报了计划的质量和一致性，以及计划对新毕业的 NP 提供的护理的影响。
