O'Donnell D E, Sanii R, Younes M
F-2 Respiratory Investigation Unit, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1988 Aug;65(2):541-8. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1988.65.2.541.
To determine whether upper airway mechanoreceptors partly subserve the ventilatory response to external mechanical loading in conscious humans, we studied 11 laryngectomized subjects. The oropharynx (OP) or tracheostomy was selectively loaded (in random order) by attaching the mouth or tracheal tube to a special pressure-generating apparatus, and steady-state ventilatory responses were recorded. Phasic negative pressure changes generated at the OP to simulate inspiratory resistive loading, expiratory resistive unloading, and elastic loading resulted in trivial prolongation of inspiratory duration by 12, 9, and 4%, respectively; other ventilatory variables were not significantly altered. Phasic positive pressure changes at the OP that simulated inspiratory resistive unloading and expiratory resistive loading had little effect on breathing pattern. When the above loads were applied via the tracheostomy, using pressures of similar magnitude, ventilatory responses were qualitatively similar and quantitatively not significantly different from those of normal healthy controls. The results suggest that the OP does not make an important contribution to ventilatory responses during external mechanical loading in conscious humans. Loading responses to conventional mechanical loads are preserved in the absence of afferent information from the upper airways.
为了确定上呼吸道机械感受器是否部分参与了清醒人类对外部机械负荷的通气反应，我们研究了11名喉切除患者。通过将口或气管导管连接到特殊的压力产生装置上，对口咽（OP）或气管造口进行选择性负荷（随机顺序），并记录稳态通气反应。在口咽处产生的阶段性负压变化，模拟吸气阻力负荷、呼气阻力卸载和弹性负荷，分别导致吸气持续时间轻微延长12%、9%和4%；其他通气变量无显著改变。口咽处模拟吸气阻力卸载和呼气阻力负荷的阶段性正压变化对呼吸模式影响很小。当通过气管造口施加上述负荷时，使用相似大小的压力，通气反应在质量上相似，在数量上与正常健康对照无显著差异。结果表明，在清醒人类的外部机械负荷过程中，口咽对通气反应没有重要贡献。在没有来自上呼吸道的传入信息的情况下，对传统机械负荷的负荷反应仍然存在。
