Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.
Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
Neuroradiology. 2020 Jan;62(1):15-37. doi: 10.1007/s00234-019-02294-x. Epub 2019 Nov 9.
The interpretation of cerebral venous pathologies in paediatric practice is challenging as there are several normal anatomical variants, and the pathologies are diverse, involving the venous system through direct and indirect mechanisms. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of these entities, as their awareness can avoid potential diagnostic pitfalls. We also propose a practical classification system of paediatric cerebral venous pathologies, which will enable more accurate reporting of the neuroimaging findings, as relevant to the underlying pathogenesis of these conditions. The proposed classification system comprises of the following main groups: arterio-venous shunting-related disorders, primary venous malformations and veno-occlusive disorders. A multimodal imaging approach has been included in the relevant subsections, with a brief overview of the modality-specific pitfalls that can also limit interpretation of the neuroimaging. The article also summarises the current literature and international practices in terms of management options and outcomes in specific disease entities.
在儿科实践中，脑静脉病变的解读具有挑战性，因为存在几种正常的解剖变异，且病变多种多样，通过直接和间接机制累及静脉系统。本文旨在全面回顾这些病变，因为了解这些病变可以避免潜在的诊断陷阱。我们还提出了一种实用的儿科脑静脉病变分类系统，该系统将能够更准确地报告神经影像学发现，与这些病变的潜在发病机制相关。所提出的分类系统包括以下主要组：动静脉分流相关疾病、原发性静脉畸形和静脉闭塞性疾病。在相关小节中纳入了多模态成像方法，并简要概述了可能限制神经影像学解读的特定影像学检查的局限性。本文还总结了特定疾病实体的治疗选择和结局方面的当前文献和国际实践。
