Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, 4001, Queensland, Australia.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Feb;257:113510. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113510. Epub 2019 Oct 31.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are prone to post-emission transformation and degradation to yield transformed PAH products (TPPs) that are potentially more hazardous than parent PAHs. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the potential environmental processes of PAHs such as sorption, volatilisation, photo- and bio-transformation and degradation on road surfaces, a significant accumulation point of PAHs. The review primarily evaluates key influential factors, toxicity implications, PAHs and TPPs fate and viable options for mitigating environmental and human health impacts. Photolysis was identified as the most significant transformation and degradation process due to the light absorption capacity of most PAHs. Climate conditions, physicochemical properties of road dust (sorbent), PAHs and TPPs and the existence of heavy metals such as Fe (III) are notable underlying factors for photolysis. Available data points to the predominance of carbonyl TPPs than other products such as nitro and hydroxyl TPPs with decreasing concentration trend of 9-fluorenone > 9,10-anthraquinone > benzo[a]fluorenone on road surfaces. The review recommends conducting future investigations targeting the influential factors pertaining to the fate of road deposited PAHs and TPPs. Furthermore, development of cost and time effective modern analytical methods is needed to quantify PAHs and TPPs present in minute quantities of samples. The review also identified that the unavailability of toxicity equivalency factors (TEF) for the most critical TPPs can be addressed using quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models and bioassays simultaneously. The content of this review is significant to the future work of researchers across various fields including analytical and environmental chemistry, stormwater pollution and toxicology.
多环芳烃（PAHs）易于在排放后发生转化和降解，生成潜在危害性可能超过母体 PAHs 的转化型多环芳烃产物（TPPs）。本综述全面评估了 PAHs 在道路表面等重要积聚点的潜在环境过程，如吸附、挥发、光转化和生物转化及降解。该综述主要评估了关键影响因素、毒性影响、PAHs 和 TPPs 的命运以及减轻环境和人类健康影响的可行方案。光解被认为是最重要的转化和降解过程，这是因为大多数 PAHs 都具有光吸收能力。气候条件、道路灰尘（吸附剂）的物理化学特性、PAHs 和 TPPs 以及铁（III）等重金属的存在是光解的显著潜在因素。现有数据表明，与其他产物（如硝基和羟基 TPPs）相比，羰基 TPPs 更为普遍，随着浓度的降低，碳基 TPPs 的优势依次为：9-氟蒽酮>9,10-蒽醌>苯并[a]芘。该综述建议未来的研究针对与道路沉积 PAHs 和 TPPs 命运相关的影响因素展开。此外，需要开发成本和时间效益高的现代分析方法，以量化样本中微量存在的 PAHs 和 TPPs。该综述还指出，对于最关键的 TPPs，由于缺乏毒性等效因子（TEF），可以同时使用定量构效关系（QSAR）模型和生物测定法来解决。本综述的内容对包括分析和环境化学、雨水污染和毒理学等各个领域的研究人员未来的工作具有重要意义。
