Mihara Mamiko, Harada Moeka, Oka Jun, Tsuboyama-Kasaoka Nobuyo
National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition.
(Current address) Gunma Prefecture Tone Numata Health and Welfare Office.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2019;66(10):629-637. doi: 10.11236/jph.66.10_629.
Objectives Improvement in the quality of meals provided after a disaster is an important issue. We reanalyzed the data obtained from the dietary survey of emergency shelters in Miyagi Prefecture 2 and 3 months after the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 to improve the quality of meals at emergency shelters.Methods We performed a secondary analysis of the data from the dietary survey conducted by the Miyagi prefectural government. Two hundred and forty-one and 49 emergency shelters participated in the 1-day dietary survey in May 2011 and June 2011, respectively. We targeted emergency shelters that had no missing data and provided 3 meals a day. As a result, we targeted 216 emergency shelters in May and 49 in June. We examined the amounts of nutrients (i.e. energy, protein, vitamin B, vitamin B, and vitamin C) and food groups (i.e. cereal, potatoes, meat, seafood, eggs, dairy, vegetables, fruits, and fats) in meal portions provided in lunch boxes, rationing, and mass feeding.Results We found significant differences in the amounts of energy and nutrients in the meals provided at the emergency shelters 2 months after the Great East Japan Earthquake but found no significant differences 3 months after the disaster. The amounts of energy, protein, seafood, and fats were high, and those of vitamins B and C, potatoes, and vegetables were low, at the emergency shelters where lunch boxes were provided. The amounts of potatoes, meat, and vegetables were high at the emergency shelters where mass feeding was conducted.Conclusion Two months after the Great East Japan Earthquake, the provision of lunch boxes at emergency shelters may have increased the amounts of energy, protein, and seafood in meals served to survivors, whereas the amounts of vitamins B and C have remained low. These results indicate that providing lunch boxes at an early stage in the event of a disaster can improve energy and protein supply. We believe a combination of lunch box and mass feeding will improve the nutrient supply at emergency shelters.
目标 提高灾后提供膳食的质量是一个重要问题。我们重新分析了2011年东日本大地震2至3个月后从宫城县应急避难所饮食调查中获得的数据，以改善应急避难所的膳食质量。
方法 我们对宫城县政府进行的饮食调查数据进行了二次分析。分别有241个和49个应急避难所参与了2011年5月和2011年6月的1天饮食调查。我们选取了没有缺失数据且每天提供三餐的应急避难所。结果，我们选取了5月的216个应急避难所和6月的4个应急避难所。我们检查了盒饭、定量配给和集体供餐所提供餐食中营养素（即能量、蛋白质、维生素B、维生素B和维生素C）和食物类别（即谷类、土豆、肉类、海鲜、蛋类、乳制品、蔬菜、水果和脂肪）的含量。
结果 我们发现东日本大地震2个月后应急避难所提供餐食中的能量和营养素含量存在显著差异，但在灾后3个月未发现显著差异。提供盒饭的应急避难所中，能量、蛋白质、海鲜和脂肪含量较高，而维生素B和C、土豆和蔬菜含量较低。进行集体供餐的应急避难所中，土豆、肉类和蔬菜含量较高。
结论 东日本大地震2个月后，应急避难所提供盒饭可能增加了幸存者餐食中的能量、蛋白质和海鲜含量，而维生素B和C含量仍然较低。这些结果表明，在灾难发生早期提供盒饭可以改善能量和蛋白质供应。我们认为盒饭和集体供餐相结合将改善应急避难所的营养供应。
