Hirano Ayana, Sudo Noriko, Tsuboyama-Kasaoka Nobuyo, Shimada Ikuko, Sato Keiichi, Shibamura Yuki, Nagao-Sato Sayaka
Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan.
National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.
J Am Nutr Assoc. 2023 Jul;42(5):516-524. doi: 10.1080/27697061.2022.2091680. Epub 2022 Jul 7.
To maintain the health of evacuees, meals provided at emergency shelters should be monitored and improvement measures should be taken where necessary. Time and human resources are limited during devastating disasters; thus, the authors have developed the Dietary Assessment Sheets for Evacuation Shelters. This study examines whether the quality of meals can be assessed using simple check items on the Dietary Assessment Sheets. A total of 28 Dietary Assessment Sheets for 98 meals provided 16-19 days after the heavy rains in Kumamoto in July 2020 at 12 shelters were used in the analysis. Dietitians working for shelters were requested to fill the Dietary Assessment Sheets and food record sheets provided by the Prefectural Government. If any subitem was checkmarked, it was considered "checked," and if left blank, it was considered "not checked" and divided into categorical groups. Based on the food record sheets and meal photos, contents of energy, protein, and vitamins B, B, and C were calculated for each meal. Energy and nutrient contents were compared between the categorical groups. The study revealed that nutritionally poor meals were characterized as those comprising only "Grain dishes," those that were not "Boxed meals," and those involving "Self-Defense Forces," "Dietitians," or "Others." Their energy, protein, and vitamin B, B, and C content was significantly lower than that of meals with marks on other checkboxes in the same category. Shelters that provide these meals should be given priority for nutrition assistance due to their poor diets. The results imply that the Dietary Assessment Sheets could serve as a simple tool to determine the shelters that require nutritional assistance.
为维持避难者的健康，应监测应急避难所提供的膳食，并在必要时采取改进措施。在毁灭性灾难期间，时间和人力资源有限；因此，作者开发了避难所膳食评估表。本研究探讨是否可以使用避难所膳食评估表上的简单检查项目来评估膳食质量。分析使用了2020年7月熊本暴雨后16 - 19天在12个避难所提供的98份膳食的28份避难所膳食评估表。要求为避难所工作的营养师填写县政府提供的避难所膳食评估表和食物记录表。如果任何子项目被勾选，则视为“已勾选”，如果留空，则视为“未勾选”并分为不同类别。根据食物记录表和膳食照片，计算每餐的能量、蛋白质以及维生素B、B和C的含量。比较不同类别之间的能量和营养成分含量。研究表明，营养较差的膳食特征为仅包含“谷物菜肴”、不是“盒饭”以及涉及“自卫队”“营养师”或“其他人”的膳食。它们的能量、蛋白质以及维生素B、B和C含量显著低于同一类别中在其他复选框上有标记的膳食。由于这些膳食质量较差，应为提供这些膳食的避难所优先提供营养援助。结果表明，避难所膳食评估表可作为确定需要营养援助的避难所的一种简单工具。
