Pasechnik O A, Vilms E A, Turchaninov D V, Sokhoshko I A, Shirinskiy V A
Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russia.
Vopr Pitan. 2019;88(5):24-30. doi: 10.24411/0042-8833-2019-10050. Epub 2019 Sep 19.
Relevance of the diet to the physiological needs of the organism is an important factor determining the incidence of tuberculosis in the world and effectiveness of its treatment. The need to study actual nutrition and nutritional status is determined by its significant changes in recent decades. : to study the actual nutrition and assess somatometric indicators of the nutritional status of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the acute stage. . 217 men and 83 women, the average age of 42.9±0.7 years have been examined. Design: cross-sectional (simultaneous) epidemiological study. Research period: 2018. The method of analyzing the frequency of food consumption for the month preceding hospitalization has been applied. The somatometric indicators (height, body weight, waist, hip, shoulder girth) have been analysed, body mass index (BMI) have been determined. . 77.7±2.4% showed non-compliance of the diet energy with the recommended values, an imbalance in diet according to the content of macronutrients was noted in 88.0%, insufficient amount of protein in the diet, taking into account the existing disease, in particular - animal protein was observed in 68.3% of the examined. Excessive intake of fats, including saturated fatty acids took place in 52.0%, cholesterol in 51.0%, as well as insufficient intake of dietary fiber was revealed in 38.7% of the examined. 19.3% had a malnutrition degree 1 (according to BMI), 11.7% had a 2nd degree, and 2% had a 3rd degree, respectively. BMI within normal limits (according to WHO criteria) was recorded in 57.7% of patients. The proportion of patients with overweight and obesity did not exceed 10% (7.3 and 2.0%, respectively). . The assessment of the nutritional status of patients suffering from tuberculosis and the identification of the macronutrient imbalance of their diet determine the need for their correction in the organization of therapeutic nutrition.
饮食与机体生理需求的相关性是决定全球结核病发病率及其治疗效果的重要因素。近几十年来实际营养和营养状况发生了重大变化，这决定了研究实际营养和营养状况的必要性。目的：研究急性期肺结核患者的实际营养状况并评估其营养状况的人体测量指标。对217名男性和83名女性进行了检查，平均年龄为42.9±0.7岁。设计：横断面（同步）流行病学研究。研究时期：2018年。采用分析住院前一个月食物消费频率的方法。分析了人体测量指标（身高、体重、腰围、臀围、肩围），并确定了体重指数（BMI）。77.7±2.4%的患者饮食能量不符合推荐值，88.0%的患者饮食中宏量营养素含量不均衡，考虑到现有疾病，饮食中蛋白质含量不足，尤其是68.3%的受检者动物蛋白摄入不足。52.0%的患者脂肪摄入过多，包括饱和脂肪酸，51.0%的患者胆固醇摄入过多，38.7%的受检者膳食纤维摄入不足。19.3%的患者营养不良程度为1级（根据BMI），11.7%的患者为2级，2%的患者为3级。57.7%的患者BMI在正常范围内（根据世界卫生组织标准）。超重和肥胖患者的比例不超过10%（分别为7.3%和2.0%）。对结核病患者营养状况的评估以及确定其饮食中宏量营养素的失衡情况，决定了在治疗性营养组织中对其进行纠正的必要性。
