Frequency of and Various Factors Associated with Stress, Anxiety, and Depression among Low Back Pain Patients.

Objective To measure the frequency of depression, anxiety, and stress and its association with other variables i.e., age, gender, and off work hours among low back pain (LBP) patients attending an orthopedic outpatient department (OPD) at a private hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA). Methodology This is the cross-sectional study, which was done in a secondary care hospital of Jeddah, SA. Data was collected between the periods of 2017-2018. All patients who attended orthopaedic OPD with LBP were included in this study and were requested to fill the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) questionnaire. The gathered data were analyzed through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean difference in depression, anxiety, and stress scores between genders, age, and number of leaves from their work. Results Three hundred sixty patients came to the orthopedic OPD with the primary complaint of LBP, 318 (88.3%) were male while 42 (11.7%) were female. The study showed that among these patients 24 (6.7%) subjects were suffering from the depression while 136 (37.8%) from anxiety and 167 (46.4%) from stress. Linear regression analysis showed that depression was negatively associated with age and stress was negatively associated with the off work because of the severity.  Conclusion In conclusion, the findings of this study revealed that LBP and mental distress are related to each other. This finding urges physicians to check and treat the mental distress in patients with LBP for a better outcome.