Department of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Ergonomics. 2020 Aug;63(8):1057-1074. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2019.1694173. Epub 2019 Dec 2.
We are teetering on the precipice of the imminent Fourth Industrial Revolution. In this new age, systems are set to become more densely intraconnected and interconnected, and massive sociotechnical systems exhibiting unprecedented levels of complexity will increasingly take hold. At the dawning of this new age, the Ergonomics discipline must reflect on its preparedness for tackling problems in these novel systems. This paper engages in this reflection by putting forth a critical commentary on the implication of these changes on the discipline and discusses the utility of our current methods in this new paradigm. A resulting Radical Systems Thinking in Ergonomics Manifesto is put forward - a set of mandates to guide practitioners and researchers in the development of new methods capable of coping with these imminent challenges. From the manifesto are derived a series of capability requirements for future computational modelling approaches in Ergonomics. The goal of this paper was to inspire the Ergonomics community to pursue further applications involving computational modelling approaches such as Agent-Based Modelling. It presents a manifesto for the future of the discipline, and from this the capabilities that future computational modelling approaches need to possess. 1IR: first industrial revolution; 2IR: second industrial revolution; 3IR: third industrial revolution; 4IR: fourth industrial revolution; ABM: agent based model; AI: artificial intelligence; AoF: allocation of function; CPA: cyber physical attack; CPS: cyber-physical system; CWA: cognitive work analysis; DDoS: distributed denial of service; EAST: event analysis of systemic teamwork; FRAM; functional resonance analysis method; HCI: human-computer interaction; HERA: human error and recovery assessment; HET: human error template; HMC: human-machine cooperation; IoT: internet of things; RSTEM: radical systems thinking in ergonomics manifesto; SAI: situated artificial intelligence; STAMP: systems theoretic accident model and processes; TRACEr: technique for the retrospective and predictive analysis of cognitive errors in air traffic control.
我们正处于即将到来的第四次工业革命的边缘。在这个新时代，系统将变得更加密集地相互连接，大规模的社会技术系统将越来越多地展现出前所未有的复杂性。在这个新时代的曙光下，人类工效学学科必须反思其在处理这些新型系统问题方面的准备情况。本文通过对这些变化对该学科的影响提出批判性评论，进行了这方面的反思，并讨论了在这个新范式中我们当前方法的实用性。提出了人类工效学中的激进系统思维宣言——一组准则，指导实践者和研究人员开发新方法，以应对这些迫在眉睫的挑战。从宣言中得出了人类工效学中未来计算建模方法的一系列能力要求。本文的目的是激励人类工效学领域进一步应用涉及计算建模方法，如基于代理的建模。它提出了该学科的未来宣言，并由此得出了未来计算建模方法需要具备的能力。1IR：第一次工业革命；2IR：第二次工业革命；3IR：第三次工业革命；4IR：第四次工业革命；ABM：基于代理的模型；AI：人工智能；AoF：功能分配；CPA：网络物理攻击；CPS：网络物理系统；CWA：认知工作分析；DDoS：分布式拒绝服务；EAST：系统团队事件分析；FRAM：功能共振分析方法；HCI：人机交互；HERA：人为失误和恢复评估；HET：人为失误模板；HMC：人机合作；IoT：物联网；RSTEM：人类工效学中的激进系统思维宣言；SAI：情境人工智能；STAMP：系统理论事故模型和过程；TRACEr：空中交通管制中认知错误的回顾性和预测性分析技术。
