Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, Hunan, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China; Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, Hunan, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China; Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020 Jan 1;206:107677. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107677. Epub 2019 Oct 28.
Despite the large number of individuals who use substances of abuse and the stigma of such behaviors in China, scales have not been developed and validated for assessing substance-use stigma. Given its importance for targeting interventions, the aim of the present study was to validate a Chinese substance-use stigma measure including three dimensions of substance-use-disorder-related stigma (personal stigma, perceived stigma and social distance) by modifying a pre-existing scale measuring mental illness-related stigma and social distance.
A convenience sample of eight-hundred-and-twelve individuals with substance abuse (aged 18-68 years) from different drug rehabilitation centers completed a self-reported survey including their demographics and drug use, and the stigma and social distance scales. The adapted, translated from English to Chinese, and back-translated scales were an 18-items stigma scale including personal stigma and perceived stigma subscales and a 5-items one domain social distance scale. Confirmatory factor analysis and multigroup confirmatory factor analysis tested factorial validity and measurement invariance of the scales, respectively.
For the stigma scale, by deleting one low correlation dimension (named "weak-not-sick"), personal stigma and perceived stigma showed acceptable fit indices and internal consistency with two dimensions (named "dangerous/unpredictable" and "social discrimination"), separately. The social distance scale showed good fit indices and internal consistency as a separate facet of stigma-related substance-use problems. Invariance of the model across drug-rehabilitation centers was found.
The Chinese substance-use stigma scale may serve as a valuable tool for better understanding substance-use stigma among adults in China who abuse substances.
尽管中国有大量滥用物质的个体，且此类行为存在污名化现象，但尚未开发和验证用于评估物质使用污名的量表。鉴于其对目标干预措施的重要性，本研究旨在通过修改用于测量与精神疾病相关的污名和社会距离的现有量表，验证包括物质使用障碍相关污名的三个维度（个人污名、感知污名和社会距离）的中国物质使用污名量表。
本研究采用方便抽样法，选取来自不同戒毒中心的 812 名有物质滥用问题的个体（年龄 18-68 岁）完成了一份自我报告调查，包括人口统计学信息、药物使用情况以及污名和社会距离量表。改编、从英文翻译为中文并回译为英文的量表包括 18 个条目污名量表，包括个人污名和感知污名两个分量表，以及一个 5 个条目的单一领域社会距离量表。验证性因子分析和多组验证性因子分析分别检验了量表的因子有效性和测量不变性。
对于污名量表，通过删除一个低相关维度（命名为“弱而非病态”），个人污名和感知污名分别显示出具有两个维度（命名为“危险/不可预测”和“社会歧视”）的可接受拟合指数和内部一致性。社会距离量表作为与污名相关的物质使用问题的一个单独方面，显示出良好的拟合指数和内部一致性。在各戒毒中心之间，模型的不变性得到了验证。
中国物质使用污名量表可以作为一种有价值的工具，用于更好地了解中国滥用物质的成年人中的物质使用污名。
