Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1197:27-43. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-28524-1_3.
The supra- and subgingival plaque biofilm communities of plaque are composed of hundreds of different microbes. These communities are spatially and temporally structured, largely due to cell-cell communications that coordinate synergistic interactions, and intracellular signaling systems to sense changes in the surrounding environment. Homeostasis is maintained through metabolic communication, mutualistic cross-feeding, and cross-respiration. These nutritional symbioses can reciprocally influence the local microenvironments by altering the pH and by detoxifying oxidative compounds. Signal transduction mechanisms include two-component systems, tyrosine phosphorelays, quorum sensing systems, and cyclic nucleotide secondary messengers. Signaling converges on transcriptional programs and can result in synergistic or antagonistic interbacterial interactions that sculpt community development. The sum of all these interactions can be a well-organized polymicrobial community that remains in homeostasis with the host, or a dysbiotic community that provokes pathogenic responses in the host.
龈上和龈下菌斑生物膜群落由数百种不同的微生物组成。这些群落具有时空结构，主要是由于细胞间通讯协调协同相互作用，以及细胞内信号转导系统来感知周围环境的变化。通过代谢通讯、共生交叉喂养和交叉呼吸来维持内稳。这些营养共生关系可以通过改变 pH 值和解毒氧化化合物来相互影响局部微环境。信号转导机制包括双组分系统、酪氨酸磷酸化传递系统、群体感应系统和环核苷酸二级信使。信号转导集中在转录程序上，并可能导致协同或拮抗的细菌间相互作用，从而塑造群落的发展。所有这些相互作用的总和可以是一个组织良好的多微生物群落，与宿主保持内稳，或者是一个失调的群落，引发宿主的致病反应。
