School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
Metallurgical Industry Planning and Research Institute, Beijing, 100711, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Dec;26(36):36538-36557. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06865-6. Epub 2019 Nov 15.
As secondary batteries are becoming the popular production of industry, especial for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), the degree of environmental friendliness will gather increasing attention to their products of the whole life cycle. The research combines the life cycle assessment (LCA) and footprint family definition to establish a framework to calculate the footprint family of secondary battery materials. Through the method, we calculated the values of carbon footprint, water footprint, and ecological footprint about this eight kinds of secondary cathode battery materials with Ni-MH, LiNiMnO/C, LiNiCoMnO/C, LiNi.CoO/C, LiFePO/C, LiFeMnPO/C, FeF(HO)/C, and NaFePO/C. When comparing and analyzing their values in each footprint, it can summarize the evaluation method for some secondary batteries by footprint indicators and construct the evaluation system. Through the comprehensive evaluation of footprint family system, the NaFePO/C battery gets the best performance of three main footprints when combining 1 kg of cathode materials, while Ni-MH is opposite. Hence, among these eight batteries environmental impacts evaluation, the NaFePO/C battery is regarded as the superior "green" battery, albeit the current application is restricted because of the synthesis limitation on large scale and energy density of storage. In LIBs comparison, the FeF(HO) material shows its characteristics of environmental friendliness, which is expected to be a greener battery material of LIB. In conventional LIBs, the iron-containing cathode materials show lower environmental burden than ternary cathode materials. We can reduce environmental impacts through developing new advanced materials and reducing the content of high sensitivity element in raw materials.
随着二次电池逐渐成为工业生产的主流，特别是对于锂离子电池（LIB），其整个生命周期产品的环境友好程度将受到越来越多的关注。本研究结合生命周期评价（LCA）和足迹家族定义，建立了一个框架来计算二次电池材料的足迹家族。通过该方法，我们计算了八种二次阴极电池材料（Ni-MH、LiNiMnO/C、LiNiCoMnO/C、LiNiCoO/C、LiFePO/C、LiFeMnPO/C、FeF(HO)/C 和 NaFePO/C）的碳足迹、水足迹和生态足迹值。在比较和分析每种足迹的数值时，可以用足迹指标来总结一些二次电池的评价方法，并构建评价体系。通过对足迹家族系统的综合评价，当结合 1 公斤阴极材料时，NaFePO/C 电池在三种主要足迹中表现出最佳性能，而 Ni-MH 则相反。因此，在这八种电池的环境影响评价中，NaFePO/C 电池被认为是优越的“绿色”电池，尽管由于大规模合成和储能密度的限制，其目前的应用受到限制。在 LIB 比较中，FeF(HO)材料表现出其环境友好的特点，有望成为一种更环保的 LIB 电池材料。在传统的 LIB 中，含铁的阴极材料比三元阴极材料具有更低的环境负担。我们可以通过开发新的先进材料和降低原材料中高灵敏度元素的含量来减少环境影响。
