Veterinary Medicine, University of Cruz Alta (UNICRUZ), Campus Rodovia Municipal Jacob Della Méa, km 5.6, Parada Benito, Cruz Alta, Rio Grande do Sul, 98005-972, Brazil.
Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2020 Apr;190(4):1242-1256. doi: 10.1007/s12010-019-03157-0. Epub 2019 Nov 18.
Endometritis is an inflammation of the endometrium associated with bacterial infection. The pathogenesis of endometritis in cows is still not completely understood. The combined analysis of the markers of inflammation and oxidative stress has contributed to a better understanding of disease mechanisms, but is still unexplored in uterine disorders. Moreover, research provides evidence about an important role of the vagus nerve in regulating the innate immune function through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in response to bacterial infections. This new pathway has demonstrated a critical role in controlling the inflammatory system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of cholinesterase in total blood, lymphocytes, and serum of dairy cows with clinical and subclinical endometritis. Sixty-one Holstein cows, between 30 and 45 days in milk, were classified into 3 groups of animals: presenting clinical endometritis (n = 22), subclinical endometritis (n = 17), and healthy (n = 22). Mean leukocyte counts did not differ among groups, but the neutrophil number was significantly higher in cows with clinical endometritis than those in healthy animals. Also, serum concentration of interleukin-1beta (pg/mL) was significantly higher in cows with endometritis. The activity of acetylcholinesterase in blood and lymphocytes increased in both groups with endometritis. Animals with endometritis presented an increase in lipid peroxidation, but the antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase levels) was higher in endometritis groups than in normal cows. In conclusion, the inflammatory process of clinical and subclinical endometritis leads to systemic lipid peroxidation despite the compensatory increase of the antioxidant enzyme. These data also provide evidence of an important role of the cholinergic pathway in regulating dairy cows with clinical and subclinical endometritis.
子宫内膜炎是一种与细菌感染相关的子宫内膜炎症。奶牛子宫内膜炎的发病机制尚不完全清楚。炎症和氧化应激标志物的联合分析有助于更好地了解疾病机制，但在子宫疾病中仍未得到探索。此外，研究提供了证据表明，迷走神经通过胆碱能抗炎途径在细菌感染时调节先天免疫功能具有重要作用。这条新途径在控制炎症系统方面发挥了关键作用。本研究旨在评估临床和亚临床子宫内膜炎奶牛全血、淋巴细胞和血清中胆碱酯酶的活性。61 头荷斯坦奶牛，产奶 30-45 天，分为 3 组动物：表现出临床子宫内膜炎（n=22）、亚临床子宫内膜炎（n=17）和健康（n=22）。白细胞计数在各组之间没有差异，但临床子宫内膜炎奶牛的中性粒细胞数量明显高于健康动物。此外，子宫内膜炎奶牛的血清白细胞介素-1β（pg/mL）浓度明显升高。血液和淋巴细胞中的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性在两组子宫内膜炎奶牛中均增加。患有子宫内膜炎的动物发生全身脂质过氧化，但子宫内膜炎组的抗氧化酶活性（过氧化氢酶水平）高于正常奶牛。总之，临床和亚临床子宫内膜炎的炎症过程导致全身脂质过氧化，尽管抗氧化酶代偿性增加。这些数据还提供了证据表明，胆碱能途径在调节患有临床和亚临床子宫内膜炎的奶牛中具有重要作用。
