Zuchowska Agnieszka, Jastrzebska Elzbieta, Mazurkiewicz-Pawlicka Marta, Malolepszy Artur, Stobinski Leszek, Trzaskowski Maciej, Brzozka Zbigniew
Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
Graphene Laboratory of Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2020;20(1):47-58. doi: 10.2174/1568009619666191021113807.
Graphene oxide (GO) has unique physical and chemical properties that can be used in anticancer therapy - especially as a drug carrier. Graphene oxide, due to the presence of several hybrid layers of carbon atoms (sp2), has a large surface for highly efficient drug loading. In addition, GO with a large number of carboxyl, hydroxyl and epoxy groups on its surface, can charge various drug molecules through covalent bonds, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions.
The aim of our work was to evaluate the possibility of future use of graphene oxide as an anticancer drug carrier.
In this paper, we present GO synthesis and characterization, as well as a study of its biological properties. The cytotoxic effect of well-defined graphene oxide was tested on both carcinoma and non-malignant cells isolated from the same organ, which is not often presented in the literature.
The performed research confirmed that GO in high concentrations (> 300 µgmL-1) selectively decreased the viability of cancer cell line. Additionally, we showed that the GO flakes have a high affinity to cancer cell nucleus which influences their metabolism (inhibition of cancer cell proliferation). Moreover, we have proved that GO in high concentrations can cause cell membrane damage and generate reactive oxygen species on a low level mainly in cancer cells.
The proposed GO could be useful in anticancer therapy. A high concentration of GO selectively causes the death of tumor cells, whereas GO with low concentration could be a potential material for anticancer drug loading.
氧化石墨烯（GO）具有独特的物理和化学性质，可用于抗癌治疗，尤其是作为药物载体。由于存在几个碳原子杂化层（sp2），氧化石墨烯具有较大的表面，可实现高效的药物负载。此外，表面带有大量羧基、羟基和环氧基的氧化石墨烯，可通过共价键、疏水相互作用、氢键和静电相互作用使各种药物分子带电。
我们工作的目的是评估氧化石墨烯未来作为抗癌药物载体使用的可能性。
在本文中，我们介绍了氧化石墨烯的合成与表征，以及对其生物学性质的研究。对从同一器官分离出的癌细胞和非恶性细胞测试了明确的氧化石墨烯的细胞毒性作用，这在文献中并不常见。
所进行的研究证实，高浓度（>300µg/mL）的氧化石墨烯选择性地降低了癌细胞系的活力。此外，我们表明氧化石墨烯薄片对癌细胞核具有高亲和力，这会影响其代谢（抑制癌细胞增殖）。而且，我们已经证明高浓度的氧化石墨烯会导致细胞膜损伤，并主要在癌细胞中低水平产生活性氧。
所提出的氧化石墨烯可用于抗癌治疗。高浓度的氧化石墨烯选择性地导致肿瘤细胞死亡，而低浓度的氧化石墨烯可能是一种用于负载抗癌药物的潜在材料。
