Coito João L, Silva Helena G, Ramos Miguel J N, Cunha Jorge, Eiras-Dias José, Amâncio Sara, Costa Maria M R, Rocheta Margarida
Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of Minho - Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.
PeerJ. 2019 Nov 11;7:e7879. doi: 10.7717/peerj.7879. eCollection 2019.
can be divided into two subspecies, subsp. , one of the most important agricultural crops in the world, and its wild ancestor, subsp. . Three flower types can be observed: hermaphrodite and female (on some varieties) in , and male or female flowers in . It is assumed that the different flower types in the wild ancestor arose through specific floral patterns of organ abortion. A considerable amount of data about the diversity of sexual systems in grapevines has been collected over the past century. Several grapevine breeding studies led to the hypothesis that dioecy in is derived from a hermaphrodite ancestor and could be controlled by either, one or two linked genetic determinants following Mendelian inherence. More recently, experiments using molecular approaches suggested that these were located in a specific region of the chromosome 2 of . Based on the works published so far, its seems evident that a putative sex is present in chromosome 2. However, it is still not fully elucidated whether flower types are regulated by two linked or by one with three alleles. Nevertheless, several genes could contribute to sex determination in grapevine. This review presents the results from early studies, combined with the recent molecular approaches, which may contribute to the design of new experiments towards a better understanding of the sex inheritance in grapevine.
可分为两个亚种，即亚种[具体亚种名称1]，它是世界上最重要的农作物之一，以及其野生祖先亚种[具体亚种名称2]。可以观察到三种花型：亚种[具体亚种名称1]中的两性花和雌花（某些品种），以及亚种[具体亚种名称2]中的雄花或雌花。据推测，野生祖先中的不同花型是通过器官败育的特定花型模式产生的。在过去的一个世纪里，已经收集了大量关于葡萄中性系统多样性的数据。几项葡萄育种研究得出了这样的假设：亚种[具体亚种名称2]中的雌雄异株起源于两性花祖先，并且可能由遵循孟德尔遗传的一个或两个连锁遗传决定因素控制。最近，使用分子方法的实验表明，这些[遗传决定因素]位于亚种[具体亚种名称2]的2号染色体的特定区域。根据目前已发表的研究，很明显2号染色体上存在一个假定的性别[基因或决定因素]。然而，花型是由两个连锁的[基因或决定因素]还是由一个具有三个等位基因的[基因或决定因素]调控，仍未完全阐明。尽管如此，几个基因可能参与了葡萄的性别决定。本综述展示了早期研究的结果，并结合了最近的分子方法，这可能有助于设计新的实验，以更好地理解葡萄的性别遗传。
