Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, 316 Plant Sciences Bldg., Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
USDA-ARS Grape Genetics Research Unit, Cornell University, 630 W. North St., Geneva, NY, 14456, USA.
Theor Appl Genet. 2019 May;132(5):1571-1585. doi: 10.1007/s00122-019-03302-7. Epub 2019 Feb 12.
Linkage maps of muscadine grape generated using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) provide insight into genome collinearity between Muscadinia and Euvitis subgenera and genetic control of flower sex and berry color. The muscadine grape, Vitis rotundifolia, is a specialty crop native to the southeastern USA. Muscadine vines can be male, female, or perfect-flowered, and berry color ranges from bronze to black. Genetic linkage maps were constructed using genotyping-by-sequencing in two F populations segregating for flower sex and berry color. The linkage maps consisted of 1244 and 2069 markers assigned to 20 linkage groups (LG) for the 'Black Beauty' × 'Nesbitt' and 'Supreme' × 'Nesbitt' populations, respectively. Data from both populations were used to generate a consensus map with 2346 markers across 20 LGs. A high degree of collinearity was observed between the genetic maps and the Vitis vinifera physical map. The higher chromosome number in muscadine (2n = 40) compared to V. vinifera (2n = 38) was accounted for by the behavior of V. vinifera chromosome 7 as two independently segregating LGs in muscadine. The muscadine sex locus mapped to an interval that aligned to 4.64-5.09 Mb on V. vinifera chromosome 2, a region which includes the previously described V. vinifera subsp. sylvestris sex locus. While the MYB transcription factor genes controlling fruit color in V. vinifera are located on chromosome 2, the muscadine berry color locus mapped to an interval aligning to 11.09-11.88 Mb on V. vinifera chromosome 4, suggesting that a mutation in a different gene in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway determines berry color in muscadine. These linkage maps lay the groundwork for marker-assisted breeding in muscadine and provide insight into the evolution of Vitis species.
利用基因分型测序（GBS）生成的麝香葡萄连锁图谱揭示了 Muscadinia 和 Euvitis 亚属之间基因组的共线性以及花性别和浆果颜色的遗传控制。麝香葡萄（Vitis rotundifolia）原产于美国东南部，是一种特色作物。麝香葡萄藤可以是雄性、雌性或两性花，浆果颜色从青铜色到黑色不等。利用花性别和浆果颜色分离的两个 F1 群体进行基因分型测序，构建了遗传图谱。“黑美人”ד内斯比特”和“至尊”ד内斯比特”群体的连锁图谱分别由 1244 和 2069 个标记组成，分配到 20 个连锁群（LG）。两个群体的数据用于生成一个包含 2069 个标记的共识图谱，跨越 20 个 LG。观察到遗传图谱与 Vitis vinifera 物理图谱之间具有高度的共线性。与 V. vinifera（2n=38）相比，麝香葡萄的染色体数较高（2n=40），这是由于 V. vinifera 染色体 7 在麝香葡萄中表现为两个独立分离的 LG。麝香葡萄性别位点映射到 V. vinifera 染色体 2 上的 4.64-5.09 Mb 区间，该区域包括先前描述的 V. vinifera 亚种 sylvestris 性别位点。虽然控制 V. vinifera 果实颜色的 MYB 转录因子基因位于染色体 2 上，但麝香葡萄浆果颜色位点映射到 V. vinifera 染色体 4 上的 11.09-11.88 Mb 区间，表明花青素生物合成途径中不同基因的突变决定了麝香葡萄的浆果颜色。这些连锁图谱为麝香葡萄的标记辅助育种奠定了基础，并为葡萄属物种的进化提供了深入了解。
