CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Locked Bag 2, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
Limagrain, HM.CLAUSE IBERICA S.A.U., La Mojonera, Alméria, Spain.
Nat Commun. 2021 Nov 30;12(1):6995. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27259-8.
Plant genetic sex determinants that mediate the transition to dioecy are predicted to be diverse, as this type of mating system independently evolved multiple times in angiosperms. Wild Vitis species are dioecious with individuals producing morphologically distinct female or male flowers; whereas, modern domesticated Vitis vinifera cultivars form hermaphrodite flowers capable of self-pollination. Here, we identify the VviPLATZ1 transcription factor as a key candidate female flower morphology factor that localizes to the Vitis SEX-DETERMINING REGION. The expression pattern of this gene correlates with the formation reflex stamens, a prominent morphological phenotype of female flowers. After generating CRISPR/Cas9 gene-edited alleles in a hermaphrodite genotype, phenotype analysis shows that individual homozygous lines produce flowers with reflex stamens. Taken together, our results demonstrate that loss of VviPLATZ1 function is a major factor that controls female flower morphology in Vitis.
介导雌雄异株向雌雄同株转变的植物遗传性别决定因素预计是多样化的，因为这种交配系统在被子植物中独立进化了多次。野生葡萄物种是雌雄异株的，个体产生形态上明显不同的雌花或雄花；而现代驯化的葡萄品种形成两性花，能够自花授粉。在这里，我们鉴定出 VviPLATZ1 转录因子是一个关键的候选雌性花形态因子，它定位于葡萄 SEX-DETERMINING REGION。该基因的表达模式与形成反折雄蕊相关，这是雌花的一个显著形态表型。在一个两性基因型中生成 CRISPR/Cas9 基因编辑等位基因后，表型分析表明，个体纯合系产生具有反折雄蕊的花。总之，我们的结果表明，VviPLATZ1 功能的丧失是控制葡萄雌性花形态的主要因素。
