Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Microrna. 2020;9(3):174-186. doi: 10.2174/2211536608666191026115045.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is among the most common sexually transmitted infections in both females and males across the world that generally do not cause symptoms and are characterized by high rates of clearance. Persistent infections due at least to twelve well-recognized High-Risk (HR) or oncogenic genotypes, although less frequent, can occur, leading to diseases and malignancies, principally cervical cancer. Three vaccination strategies are currently available for preventing certain HR HPVs-associated diseases, infections due to HPV6 and HPV11 low-risk types, as well as for providing cross-protection against non-vaccine genotypes. Nevertheless, the limited vaccine coverage hampers reducing the burden of HPV-related diseases globally. For HR HPV types, especially HPV16 and HPV18, the E6 and E7 oncoproteins are needed for cancer development. As for other tumors, even in cervical cancer, non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in posttranscriptional regulation, resulting in aberrant expression profiles. In this study, we provide a summary of the epidemiological background for HPV occurrence and available immunization programs. In addition, we present an overview of the most relevant evidence of miRNAs deregulation in cervical cancer, underlining that targeting these biomolecules could lead to wide translational perspectives, allowing better diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics, and with valuable applications in the field of prevention. The literature on this topic is rapidly growing, but advanced investigations are required to achieve more consistent findings on the up-regulated and down-regulated miRNAs in cervical carcinogenesis. Because the expression of miRNAs is heterogeneously reported, it may be valuable to assess factors and risks related to individual susceptibility.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是全世界女性和男性中最常见的性传播感染之一，通常不会引起症状，其清除率很高。至少有 12 种公认的高危（HR）或致癌基因型的持续感染虽然不太常见，但可能会发生，导致疾病和恶性肿瘤，主要是宫颈癌。目前有三种疫苗接种策略可用于预防某些与 HR HPV 相关的疾病、HPV6 和 HPV11 低危型感染，以及提供针对非疫苗基因型的交叉保护。然而，疫苗接种覆盖率有限，阻碍了全球 HPV 相关疾病负担的减轻。对于 HR HPV 型，特别是 HPV16 和 HPV18，E6 和 E7 癌蛋白是癌症发展所必需的。与其他肿瘤一样，即使在宫颈癌中，非编码 microRNAs（miRNAs）也参与转录后调控，导致异常的表达谱。在这项研究中，我们总结了 HPV 发生的流行病学背景和现有的免疫接种计划。此外，我们还概述了 miRNAs 在宫颈癌中失调的最相关证据，强调针对这些生物分子可能会带来广泛的转化前景，允许更好的诊断、预后和治疗，并在预防领域有有价值的应用。关于这个主题的文献正在迅速增长，但需要更先进的研究来获得关于宫颈癌发生中上调和下调 miRNAs 的更一致的发现。由于 miRNAs 的表达存在异质性，评估与个体易感性相关的因素和风险可能很有价值。
