Robotic-Assisted Spinal Surgery: Current Generation Instrumentation and New Applications.

In contrast to other surgical fields, robotics is relatively new to spinal surgery. The initial focus for spinal robotics has been on accurate pedicle screw placement, which early studies have shown to be successful. Beyond pedicle screw placement, however, newer generation spinal robots have the capability of navigation, which can impact other aspects of a spinal procedure. In this study, pedicle screw placement with the recently introduced Excelsius GPS robot (Globus) was similarly found to be accurate in a cohort of patients undergoing both open and minimally invasive fusion. Potential applications of the spinal robot's navigation capability are demonstrated.