Cell and Gene Therapy for Spine Regeneration: Mammalian Protein Production Platforms for Overproduction of Therapeutic Proteins and Growth Factors.

This article provides an evidence-based personal perspective on the future of cell and gene therapy for degenerative diseases of the intervertebral disc. This paper focuses on how mammalian protein production platforms and transfected and irradiated protein packaging cell lines may be used as "cellular factories" for overproduction of therapeutic proteins and proanabolic growth factors, particularly in the context of regenerative therapies. This paper also speculates on future opportunities and challenges in this area of research and how new innovations in biotechnology affect cell and gene therapy for degenerative diseases.