California Department of Public Health, Vector-Borne Disease Section, Richmond, VA.
J Med Entomol. 2020 Feb 27;57(2):645-648. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjz208.
Culex pipiens Linnaeus and Culex quinquefasciatus Say are the primary vectors of West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viruses in California. Pyrethrins and pyrethroids (synthetic pyrethrins) are the most widely used insecticides to control adult stage mosquitoes to prevent disease transmission. The most abundant and widespread mutation associated with pyrethroid resistance is the L1014F mutation of the voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene. Statewide, based on the testing of almost 2,000 mosquitoes from 14 counties, the resistant allele frequency was 71%. Although the L1014F mutation was found in all counties assessed, the resistance allele profiles differed between regions of California. The highest resistant allele frequency occurred in the Central region and lowest frequencies were from the Northern and Southern regions. Resistance allele frequencies observed in 2014-2016 are nearly 1.5 times higher than those from pre-2012, indicating that resistance profiles can change over time. Regular monitoring of the L1014F kdr mutation will help aid in operational decisions.
库蚊和致倦库蚊是加利福尼亚州携带西尼罗河病毒和圣路易斯脑炎病毒的主要媒介。拟除虫菊酯和拟除虫菊酯（合成拟除虫菊酯）是控制成蚊以防止疾病传播的最广泛使用的杀虫剂。与拟除虫菊酯抗性最相关的最丰富和最广泛的突变是电压敏感钠通道基因的 L1014F 突变。在全州范围内，根据对来自 14 个县的近 2000 只蚊子的测试，抗性等位基因频率为 71%。尽管在评估的所有县都发现了 L1014F 突变，但加利福尼亚州不同地区的抗性等位基因谱存在差异。在中部地区观察到的最高抗性等位基因频率，而北部和南部地区的频率最低。2014-2016 年观察到的抗性等位基因频率比 2012 年之前高出近 1.5 倍，这表明抗性谱可能随时间而变化。定期监测 L1014F kdr 突变将有助于辅助操作决策。
