Subahar Rizal, Aulia Annisa Putri, Yulhasri Yulhasri, Felim Ris Raihan, Susanto Lisawati, Winita Rawina, El Bayani Gulshan Fahmi, Adugna Tilahun
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
Medical Doctor Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
Heliyon. 2022 Dec 10;8(12):e12234. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12234. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Filariasis and virus diseases that are transmitted by are still a global health problem. Control of mosquito vectors with synthetic insecticides causes resistance to these mosquitoes to insecticides so that detection of susceptibility of the mosquito larval stage to insecticides is important for evaluating mosquito control programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of wild-caught larvae in Jakarta, Indonesia, following exposure to temephos, malathion, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin; this was done by examining the detoxifying enzyme activities and histological damage to the larval midgut. larvae were collected from five fields in Jakarta and exposed for 24 h to temephos (1.25, 6.25, 31.25, and 156.25 ppm), malathion (0.5 ppm), cypermethrin (0.25 ppm), and deltamethrin (0.35 ppm). The larvae were then examined for acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and oxidase activities using biochemical methods. Histological damage to the larval midgut was examined using routine histopathological methods and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After 24 h, temephos and deltamethrin led to 100% mortality in the larvae. Temephos and malathion significantly inhibited the activity of AChE, while cypermethrin and deltamethrin significantly inhibited oxidase activity. Histologically, all insecticides damaged the larval midgut, as indicated by irregularities in the epithelial cell (ECs), microvilli (Mv), food boluses (FBs), peritrophic membranes (PMs), and cracked epithelial layers (Ep). The TEM findings confirmed that temephos and cypermethrin damage to the midgut ECs included damage to the cell membrane, nucleus, nucleoli, mitochondria, and other cell organelles. Overall, larvae in Jakarta were completely susceptible to temephos and deltamethrin. Synthetic insecticides may kill larvae through their actions on the metabolic enzyme activities and histopathological midgut.
由蚊子传播的丝虫病和病毒病仍然是一个全球性的健康问题。使用合成杀虫剂控制蚊媒会导致这些蚊子对杀虫剂产生抗性，因此检测蚊幼虫阶段对杀虫剂的敏感性对于评估蚊虫控制项目很重要。本研究的目的是评估在印度尼西亚雅加达捕获的野生伊蚊幼虫在接触倍硫磷、马拉硫磷、氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯后的敏感性；通过检测解毒酶活性和幼虫中肠的组织学损伤来进行评估。伊蚊幼虫从雅加达的五个地点采集，并暴露于倍硫磷（1.25、6.25、31.25和156.25 ppm）、马拉硫磷（0.5 ppm）、氯氰菊酯（0.25 ppm）和溴氰菊酯（0.35 ppm）24小时。然后使用生化方法检测幼虫的乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）和氧化酶活性。使用常规组织病理学方法和透射电子显微镜（TEM）检查幼虫中肠的组织学损伤。24小时后，倍硫磷和溴氰菊酯导致伊蚊幼虫100%死亡。倍硫磷和马拉硫磷显著抑制AChE的活性，而氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯显著抑制氧化酶活性。组织学上，所有杀虫剂都损害了幼虫中肠，表现为上皮细胞（ECs）、微绒毛（Mv）、食物团（FBs）、围食膜（PMs）不规则以及上皮层破裂（Ep）。TEM结果证实，倍硫磷和氯氰菊酯对中肠ECs的损伤包括细胞膜、细胞核、核仁、线粒体和其他细胞器的损伤。总体而言，雅加达的伊蚊幼虫对倍硫磷和溴氰菊酯完全敏感。合成杀虫剂可能通过作用于代谢酶活性和中肠组织病理学来杀死伊蚊幼虫。
