Wang Ruying, Clarke Bruce B, Belanger Faith C
Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Microorganisms. 2019 Nov 16;7(11):567. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7110567.
Many cool-season grasses have symbiotic relationships with (Ascomycota, Clavicipitaceae) fungal endophytes that inhabit the intercellular spaces of the above-ground parts of the host plants. The presence of the endophytes is generally beneficial to the hosts due to enhanced tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses conferred by the endophytes. Many spp. are asexual, and those infections always remain asymptomatic. However, some spp. have a sexual stage and produce a macroscopic fruiting body, a stroma, that envelops the developing inflorescence causing a syndrome termed "choke disease". Here, we report a fungal and plant gene expression analysis of choke stroma tissue and asymptomatic inflorescence tissue of -infected strong creeping red fescue ( subsp. ). Hundreds of fungal genes and over 10% of the plant genes were differentially expressed when comparing the two tissue types. The differentially expressed fungal genes in the choke stroma tissue indicated a change in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as a change in expression of numerous genes for candidate effector proteins. Plant stress-related genes were up-regulated in the stroma tissue, suggesting the plant host was responding to the epiphytic stage of as a pathogen.
许多冷季型草与（子囊菌门，麦角菌科）真菌内生菌存在共生关系，这些内生菌栖息于宿主植物地上部分的细胞间隙。内生菌的存在通常对宿主有益，因为它们能增强宿主对生物和非生物胁迫的耐受性。许多麦角菌属物种是无性的，这些感染通常无症状。然而，一些麦角菌属物种有有性阶段，并产生一个宏观的子实体，即菌核，它包裹着发育中的花序，导致一种称为“窒息病”的综合征。在这里，我们报告了对感染麦角菌的强匍匐紫羊茅（亚种）的窒息菌核组织和无症状花序组织进行的真菌和植物基因表达分析。比较这两种组织类型时，数百个真菌基因和超过10%的植物基因存在差异表达。窒息菌核组织中差异表达的真菌基因表明碳水化合物和脂质代谢发生了变化，以及众多候选效应蛋白基因的表达发生了变化。植物应激相关基因在菌核组织中上调，表明植物宿主正在对麦角菌作为病原体的附生阶段做出反应。
