National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India; Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Microbiol Res. 2018 Jul-Aug;212-213:29-37. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.04.008. Epub 2018 Apr 30.
Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a group of diverse molecules that are induced by phytopathogens as well as defense related signaling molecules. They are the key components of plant innate immune system especially systemic acquired resistance (SAR), and are widely used as diagnostic molecular markers of defense signaling pathways. Although, PR proteins and peptides have been isolated much before but their biological function remains largely enigmatic despite the availability of new scientific tools. The earlier studies have demonstrated that PR genes provide enhanced resistance against both biotic and abiotic stresses, which make them one of the most promising candidates for developing multiple stress tolerant crop varieties. In this regard, plant genetic engineering technology is widely accepted as one of the most fascinating approach to develop the disease resistant transgenic crops using different antimicrobial genes like PR genes. Overexpression of PR genes (chitinase, glucanase, thaumatin, defensin and thionin) individually or in combination have greatly uplifted the level of defense response in plants against a wide range of pathogens. However, the detailed knowledge of signaling pathways that regulates the expression of these versatile proteins is critical for improving crop plants to multiple stresses, which is the future theme of plant stress biology. Hence, this review provides an overall overview on the PR proteins like their classification, role in multiple stresses (biotic and abiotic) as well as in various plant defense signaling cascades. We also highlight the success and snags of transgenic plants expressing PR proteins and peptides.
植物抗病相关蛋白（PR）和抗菌肽（AMPs）是一类由植物病原体和防御相关信号分子诱导的多样化分子。它们是植物先天免疫系统的关键组成部分，特别是系统获得性抗性（SAR），并广泛用作防御信号途径的诊断分子标记。尽管 PR 蛋白和肽在很久以前就被分离出来，但由于新的科学工具的出现，它们的生物学功能仍然很大程度上是神秘的。早期的研究表明，PR 基因提供了对生物和非生物胁迫的增强抗性，这使它们成为开发多种胁迫耐受作物品种的最有前途的候选基因之一。在这方面，植物遗传工程技术被广泛认为是开发使用不同抗菌基因（如 PR 基因）的抗病转基因作物的最迷人方法之一。PR 基因（几丁质酶、葡聚糖酶、硫素、防御素和硫肽）的单独或组合过表达极大地提高了植物对广泛病原体的防御反应水平。然而，调控这些多功能蛋白表达的信号通路的详细知识对于提高作物植物对多种胁迫的能力至关重要，这是植物应激生物学的未来主题。因此，本综述提供了关于 PR 蛋白的全面概述，包括它们的分类、在多种胁迫（生物和非生物）以及各种植物防御信号级联中的作用。我们还强调了表达 PR 蛋白和肽的转基因植物的成功和障碍。
