Ma Sheng-Ming, Mao Qian, Yi Lin, Zhao Ming-Qiu, Chen Jin-Ding
College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642, China.
Pathogens. 2019 Nov 16;8(4):239. doi: 10.3390/pathogens8040239.
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a severe acute infectious disease that results from classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection, which leads to serious economic losses in the porcine industry worldwide. In recent years, numerous studies related to the immune escape mechanism of the persistent infection and pathogenesis of CSFV have been performed. Remarkably, several independent groups have reported that apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis play a significant role in the occurrence and development of CSF, as well as in the immunological process. Apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis are the fundamental biological processes that maintain normal homeostatic and metabolic function in eukaryotic organisms. In general, these three cellular biological processes are always understood as an immune defense response initiated by the organism after perceiving a pathogen infection. Nevertheless, several viruses, including CSFV and other common pathogens such as hepatitis C and influenza A, have evolved strategies for infection and replication using these three cellular biological process mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the known roles of apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis in CSFV infection and how viruses manipulate these three cellular biological processes to evade the immune response.
经典猪瘟（CSF）是由经典猪瘟病毒（CSFV）感染引起的一种严重急性传染病，在全球养猪业中导致严重的经济损失。近年来，已经开展了许多关于CSFV持续感染的免疫逃逸机制和发病机制的研究。值得注意的是，几个独立的研究小组报告称，凋亡、自噬和焦亡在CSF的发生发展以及免疫过程中发挥着重要作用。凋亡、自噬和焦亡是维持真核生物正常稳态和代谢功能的基本生物学过程。一般来说，这三种细胞生物学过程一直被理解为生物体在感知病原体感染后启动的免疫防御反应。然而，包括CSFV以及其他常见病原体如丙型肝炎病毒和甲型流感病毒在内的几种病毒，已经利用这三种细胞生物学过程机制进化出感染和复制策略。在这篇综述中，我们总结了凋亡、自噬和焦亡在CSFV感染中的已知作用，以及病毒如何操纵这三种细胞生物学过程来逃避免疫反应。
