Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, Animal Science College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Life Science College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Department of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
Microb Pathog. 2018 Jun;119:248-254. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.04.020. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection causes mild to severe diseases among pigs, depending on the age and immune status of the host and viral strains. CSFV targets various cells, including macrophages and conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Classical swine fever is one of the most devastating diseases of pigs which leads to high morbidity and mortality, and causes significant economic loss worldwide. In response to infection with CSFV, host innate immune system eliminates the virus by recognizing specific viral molecules via distinct cellular pattern recognition receptors. These receptors trigger downstream intracellular signaling pathways, which regulate the translocation and activation of transcription factors that control the production of cytokines and interferons (IFNs). In turn, these IFNs activate JAK-STAT signaling that governs the transcription of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that play critical roles in antiviral immunity. However, CSFV has evolved different strategies to evade innate immune signaling and can establish persistent infection without being recognized by immune surveillance. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of host innate response to CSFV infection. We also summarize how CSFV evades innate immunity to establish its chronic infection.
古典猪瘟病毒（Classical swine fever virus，CSFV）感染会导致猪只出现轻度至重度疾病，具体取决于宿主和病毒株的年龄和免疫状态。CSFV 可靶向多种细胞，包括巨噬细胞以及常规和浆细胞样树突状细胞。古典猪瘟是对猪群危害最严重的疾病之一，可导致高发病率和死亡率，并在全球范围内造成重大经济损失。针对 CSFV 的感染，宿主固有免疫系统通过识别特定的病毒分子，利用不同的细胞模式识别受体来消灭病毒。这些受体触发下游的细胞内信号通路，调控转录因子的易位和激活，从而控制细胞因子和干扰素（IFNs）的产生。反过来，这些 IFN 激活 JAK-STAT 信号通路，调节 IFN 刺激基因（ISGs）的转录，这些基因在抗病毒免疫中发挥关键作用。然而，CSFV 已经进化出不同的策略来逃避固有免疫信号，从而在不被免疫监视识别的情况下建立持续性感染。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了宿主对 CSFV 感染的固有反应的现有认识。我们还总结了 CSFV 如何逃避固有免疫以建立其慢性感染。
