College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Mar 1;249:112407. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112407. Epub 2019 Nov 18.
Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach (internationally accepted and only valid name; synonym: Polygonum orientale L.; family: Polygonaceae), which is named Hongcao in China, is a Chinese herbal medicine that has a wide range of pharmacological effects including treatment to rheumatoid arthritis, coronary heart disease, hernia, carbuncle sore, enhance immunity, antimicrobial, osteogenic and dilated bronchiectasis.
This review aims to provide systematically organized information on traditional uses of Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach (P. orientalis) and to critically analyze evidences in phytotherapeutic, botanical, and pharmacological literatures that support its therapeutic potential in treatment to human diseases. Isolation of additional compounds and detailed pharmacological investigations are key areas to investigate.
Relevant information on P. orientalis was collected through published scientific materials (including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, ACS, CNKI, Scifinder, Springer, Taylor & Francis, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Baidu Scholar) and other literature sources (e.g., Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 2015 edition, Chinese herbal classic books and PhD and MSc thesis, etc.).
Traditional uses were compiled in this review, including classic prescriptions and historical applications. Approximately 70 compounds, mainly including flavonoids, phenolics, lignans, limonoids and steroids, have been isolated and identified from P. orientalis. Among them, flavonoids were main components. Crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from P. orientalis exhibited various pharmacological activities, such as protection against ischemia and hypoxia-induced myocardial cells and hypoxia/reoxygenation cardiomyocyte, increase the blood flow in myocardium, expanding bronchus, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, and antithrombotic effects and so on.
P. orientalis is a valuable source with therapeutic potential on a wide range of diseases especially cardiovascular-system disorders. Though most traditional uses of P. orientalis are supported by in vitro/vivo pharmacological studies, however, there is still a lack of researches on active pharmacodynamic ingredients as well as in-depth and in-vivo mechanistic studies. Therefore, isolation and identification of more active compounds (especially flavonoids), their structure-activity relationship and studies on pharmacodynamic mechanisms by more elaborative in-vivo studies on P. orientalis may be focused on in order to confirm efficacy of reported therapeutic effects of P. orientalis and help explore it's therapeutic potentials. Furthermore, research designs of pharmacological studies based on traditional uses of anti-rheumatoid arthritis through cell lines and animal models should also be considered as key research topics.
东方蓼（L.）Spach（国际公认且唯一有效的名称；同义词：Polygonum orientale L.；科：蓼科），在中国名为红草，是一种中草药，具有广泛的药理作用，包括治疗类风湿关节炎、冠心病、疝气、痈疖、增强免疫力、抗菌、成骨和扩张支气管。
本综述旨在提供关于东方蓼（L.）Spach（P. orientalis）的传统用途的系统组织信息，并批判性地分析植物疗法、植物学和药理学文献中的证据，这些证据支持其在治疗人类疾病方面的治疗潜力。分离其他化合物和详细的药理学研究是需要重点研究的领域。
通过已发表的科学材料（包括 PubMed、ScienceDirect、Wiley、ACS、CNKI、Scifinder、Springer、Taylor & Francis、Web of Science、Google Scholar 和 Baidu Scholar）和其他文献来源（例如，2015 年版《中国药典》、中草药经典书籍和博士和硕士论文等）收集有关 P. orientalis 的信息。
本综述中汇编了传统用途，包括经典方剂和历史应用。从 P. orientalis 中已分离鉴定出约 70 种化合物，主要包括类黄酮、酚类、木脂素、柠檬素和甾体。其中，类黄酮是主要成分。P. orientalis 的粗提取物和分离出的纯化合物表现出多种药理活性，如保护缺血缺氧心肌细胞和缺氧/复氧心肌细胞、增加心肌血流、扩张支气管、抗炎和镇痛、抗血栓形成等。
P. orientalis 是一种具有广泛治疗潜力的有价值的资源，尤其适用于心血管系统疾病。尽管 P. orientalis 的大多数传统用途都得到了体外/体内药理学研究的支持，但关于有效药效成分以及深入和体内机制研究仍然缺乏。因此，可能需要集中精力从 P. orientalis 中分离和鉴定更多具有活性的化合物（特别是类黄酮）、它们的构效关系以及通过更详细的体内研究探索其药效机制，以证实报告的 P. orientalis 治疗效果的疗效，并帮助探索其治疗潜力。此外，还应考虑基于抗类风湿关节炎的传统用途通过细胞系和动物模型进行药理学研究的设计作为关键研究课题。
