Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK; Department of Psychiatry, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland.
Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020 Jan 1;206:107719. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107719. Epub 2019 Nov 4.
Attentional bias, the automatic selective attentional orientation towards drug-related stimuli is well demonstrated in substance users. However, attentional bias studies of cannabis users specifically have thus far been inconclusive. Thus, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the currently available literature regarding cannabis related attentional bias in cannabis users.
Literature search and selection was carried out, following the PRISMA guidelines, with all included studies investigating the relationship between cannabis use and attentional bias towards cannabis cues.
Fourteen manuscripts, reporting on 1271 participants (cannabis users n = 1044; controls n = 217), were considered for the systematic-review and majority were included in a meta-analysis. Studies reviewed used three types of attentional bias tasks: pictorial stimuli, word stimuli, and non-cannabis stimuli tasks. Greater attentional bias towards cannabis pictures (d = 0.42, P < 0.0001) and words (d = 0.63, P = 0.03) as well as both types of stimuli overall (d = 0.53, P < 0.0001) was observed in cannabis users compared to controls, though there was evidence of significant heterogeneity for both word stimuli and overall meta-analysis. Bigger effect sizes were associated with shorter durations of exposure to cannabis stimuli suggesting mainly automatic orientating rather than controlled attention processing.
These findings suggest that cannabis users display greater attentional bias towards cannabis cues, likely an automatic process, than control groups. Future studies employing shorter exposure durations may validate attentional bias as a treatment target for the development of interventions in people with cannabis use disorder.
注意力偏向是指对与药物相关刺激的自动选择性注意倾向，在物质使用者中得到了很好的证明。然而，目前针对大麻使用者的注意力偏向研究尚无定论。因此，本系统评价和荟萃分析的目的是综合目前关于大麻使用者与大麻相关注意力偏向的文献。
按照 PRISMA 指南进行文献检索和选择，所有纳入的研究都调查了大麻使用与对大麻线索的注意力偏向之间的关系。
有 14 篇手稿，报告了 1271 名参与者（大麻使用者 n=1044；对照组 n=217），被认为是系统综述的一部分，其中大多数被纳入荟萃分析。综述中使用了三种注意力偏向任务：图片刺激、文字刺激和非大麻刺激任务。与对照组相比，大麻使用者对大麻图片（d=0.42，P<0.0001）和文字（d=0.63，P=0.03）以及两种类型的刺激（d=0.53，P<0.0001）的注意力偏向更大，但文字刺激和整体荟萃分析存在显著的异质性。与暴露于大麻刺激的时间较短相关的更大效应量表明主要是自动定向，而不是受控注意力处理。
这些发现表明，与对照组相比，大麻使用者对大麻线索表现出更大的注意力偏向，这可能是一种自动过程。未来采用更短暴露时间的研究可能会验证注意力偏向作为治疗目标，以开发针对大麻使用障碍人群的干预措施。
