Dahm Stephan F, Rieger Martina
Department of Psychology and Medical Sciences; Institute of Psychology, UMIT-Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, 6060 Hall in Tyrol, Austria.
Vision (Basel). 2019 Nov 20;3(4):66. doi: 10.3390/vision3040066.
In motor imagery (MI), internal models may predict the action effects. A mismatch between predicted and intended action effects may result in error detection. To compare error detection in MI and motor execution (ME), ten-finger typists and hunt-and-peck typists performed a copy-typing task. Visibility of the screen and visibility of the keyboard were manipulated. Participants reported what type of error occurred and by which sources they detected the error. With covered screen, fewer errors were reported, showing the importance of distal action effects for error detection. With covered screen, the number of reported higher-order planning errors did not significantly differ between MI and ME. However, the number of reported motor command errors was lower in MI than in ME. Hence, only errors that occur in advance to internal modeling are equally observed in MI and ME. MI may require more attention than ME, leaving fewer resources to monitor motor command errors in MI. In comparison to hunt-and-peck typists, ten-finger typists detected more higher-order planning errors by kinesthesis/touch and fewer motor command errors by vision of the keyboard. The use of sources for error detection did not significantly differ between MI and ME, indicating similar mechanisms.
在运动想象（MI）中，内部模型可以预测动作效果。预测的动作效果与预期的动作效果之间的不匹配可能会导致错误检测。为了比较运动想象和运动执行（ME）中的错误检测情况，十指打字员和单指打字员进行了一项复制打字任务。对屏幕的可见性和键盘的可见性进行了操控。参与者报告出现了何种类型的错误以及他们通过哪些来源检测到错误。当屏幕被遮盖时，报告的错误较少，这表明远端动作效果对错误检测的重要性。当屏幕被遮盖时，运动想象和运动执行中报告的高阶计划错误数量没有显著差异。然而，运动想象中报告的运动命令错误数量低于运动执行中的。因此，只有在内部建模之前出现的错误在运动想象和运动执行中被同等观察到。与运动执行相比，运动想象可能需要更多注意力，从而在运动想象中用于监测运动命令错误的资源更少。与单指打字员相比，十指打字员通过动觉/触觉检测到更多的高阶计划错误，通过查看键盘检测到的运动命令错误更少。运动想象和运动执行中用于错误检测的来源使用情况没有显著差异，表明机制相似。
