Institute for Psychology, UMIT-Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Eduard Wallnöfer-Zentrum 1, 6060, Hall in Tyrol, Austria.
University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany.
Psychol Res. 2023 Feb;87(1):210-225. doi: 10.1007/s00426-022-01645-3. Epub 2022 Feb 3.
Action-imagery practice (AIP) is often less effective than action-execution practice (AEP). We investigated whether this is due to a different time course of learning of different types of sequence representations in AIP and AEP. Participants learned to sequentially move with one finger to ten targets, which were visible the whole time. All six sessions started with a test. In the first four sessions, participants performed AIP, AEP, or control-practice (CP). Tests involved the practice sequence, a mirror sequence, and a different sequence, which were performed both with the practice hand and the other (transfer) hand. In AIP and AEP, movement times (MTs) in both hands were significantly shorter in the practice sequence than in the other sequences, indicating sequence-specific learning. In the transfer hand, this indicates effector-independent visual-spatial representations. The time course of the acquisition of effector-independent visual-spatial representations did not significantly differ between AEP and AIP. In AEP (but not in AIP), MTs in the practice sequence were significantly shorter in the practice hand than in the transfer hand, indicating effector-dependent representations. In conclusion, effector-dependent representations were not acquired after extensive AIP, which may be due to the lack of actual feedback. Therefore, AIP may replace AEP to acquire effector-independent visual-spatial representations, but not to acquire effector-dependent representations.
动作意象练习（AIP）通常不如动作执行练习（AEP）有效。我们研究了这是否是由于 AIP 和 AEP 中不同类型序列表示的学习时间进程不同所致。参与者学习用一个手指依次移动到十个目标，这些目标始终可见。所有六个会话都从测试开始。在前四个会话中，参与者进行了 AIP、AEP 或对照练习（CP）。测试涉及练习序列、镜像序列和不同的序列，这些序列既用练习手也用另一只（转移）手进行。在 AIP 和 AEP 中，双手的运动时间（MT）在练习序列中明显短于其他序列，表明序列特异性学习。在转移手，这表明效应器独立的视觉空间表示。获得效应器独立的视觉空间表示的时间进程在 AEP 和 AIP 之间没有显著差异。在 AEP（但不是在 AIP 中），练习序列中的 MT 在练习手比在转移手短，表明存在效应器依赖的表示。总之，在广泛的 AIP 之后没有获得效应器依赖的表示，这可能是由于缺乏实际反馈。因此，AIP 可以替代 AEP 来获得效应器独立的视觉空间表示，但不能获得效应器依赖的表示。
